the experimental verification data for the paper "Apparent Asymmetry in Electromagnetic Interactions: A 'Virtual Wire' Model-Based Concept for Reactionless Propulsion and Preliminary Experimental Observations"
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Description of Experimental Data This data constitutes the experimental validation data for the latest version of the paper titled "Apparent Asymmetries in Electromagnetic Interaction: A 'Virtual Wire' Model for Reactionless Propulsion and Preliminary Experimental Observations." The description is as follows: 1. Experimental Setup Configuration: This experiment consists of two setups: the C-shaped coil and the modified U-shaped coil. 1.1 C-shaped Coil Setup Drive Coil: A toroidal coil wound from a center-fed half-wave antenna resonant at 100 MHz. Specifications: wire diameter 2.7 mm, 4 turns, coil radius 5 cm, open ends. The system employs a high-frequency inductive drive method, carrying a high-frequency current with frequency f=100MHz and an effective value Idrive,eff=0.3A. Working Coil: A C-shaped open-circuit coil, with the same diameter as the drive coil, coaxial, and strongly coupled. Specifications: wound with 12,000 turns of 0.1 mm diameter enameled wire; Key feature: each turn has a constant 70° mechanical opening, with all working coil openings aligned. The drive coil and working coil together constitute the working assembly, with a mass of 270 g. 1.2 U-shaped Coil Setup Drive Coil: A toroidal coil wound from a center-fed half-wave antenna resonant at 100 MHz. Specifications: wire diameter 2.7 mm, 2.5 turns, coil radius 11 cm, open ends. The system employs a high-frequency inductive drive method, carrying a high-frequency current with frequency f=100MHz and an effective value Idrive,eff=0.3A. Working Coil: A U-shaped open-circuit coil, coaxial with the drive coil and strongly coupled. Specifications: wound with 6,000 turns of 0.1 mm diameter enameled wire. The drive coil and working coil together constitute the working assembly, with a mass of 650 g. Refer to the Schematic diagram of the coil structure.zip file for the specific coil structure. 2. Mechanical Analysis: Net Force Estimation: The working coil generates a standing wave current through mutual inductance with the drive coil. Theoretical estimation yields a net force per single C-shaped turn of approximately 2.810}^{-8}\ \mathrm{N}. With 12,000 turns, the total net force is on the order of {10}^{-4}\ \mathrm{N}. The direction of the net force is perpendicular to the driven part of the coil (e.g., the base of the C-shaped coil), pointing outward from the coil. 3. Experimental Methods and Control Design: To eliminate interfering factors and verify the intrinsic characteristics of the thrust, the following control experiments were designed: 3.1 Stationary and Fake-Switching Experiment Ensure the pendulum system is in a completely stationary state or a stable swinging state. Record the stationary baseline, then perform fake-switching on and off actions to observe whether displacement occurs. This experiment is used to exclude the possibility of non-electromagnetic factors such as environmental vibration, airflow, and switching actions as sources of displacement (see files C-static control experiments.zip, U-static control experiments.zip). 3.2 Direction Reversal Experiment To verify the correlation between the thrust direction and the coil geometry, the opening of the C-shaped coil was oriented towards four orthogonal directions: east, south, west, and north, corresponding to the compressed files C-E.zip, C-S.zip, C-W.zip, and C-N.zip respectively. The experiment was repeated under identical conditions. According to the theoretical prediction, the thrust direction should be opposite to the opening direction, i.e., when the opening faces east, the thrust faces west. Consistency between the observed displacement direction and this theoretical prediction would demonstrate that the thrust originates from the electromagnetic force imbalance dictated by the coil opening direction. 3.3 Standardized Time Control To facilitate observation and data analysis, all experiments uniformly set the power-on time to 20 seconds after the video starts and the power-off time to 80 seconds after the video starts. This standardization ensures consistency in the time base across different experiments, facilitating data extraction and comparison by subsequent video analysis software. 4. Quantitative Analysis Method: This study employs the Tracker video analysis software for frame-by-frame tracking analysis of the experimental recordings. In each frame, a fixed reference point on the working assembly is marked, and the software automatically outputs the point's position-time coordinate data. By analyzing the displacement curve over time, the following key parameters can be quantitatively extracted: The onset time of displacement and the time to reach stability. The steady-state displacement amplitude. The relationship between the displacement direction and the coil opening direction. The transient response characteristics following power-on and power-off. Each experimental video, after analysis, corresponds to three files (.mp4, .trk, .png). I sincerely welcome criticism and suggestions for improvement from all experts and professors, and I am committed to diligently making the necessary improvements. May 18, 2026
实验数据集说明 本数据集为论文《电磁相互作用中的表观不对称性：用于无反作用推进的“虚拟导线”模型与初步实验观测》最新版本的实验验证数据。具体说明如下： 1. 实验装置配置 本实验包含两套装置：C形线圈装置与改进型U形线圈装置。 1.1 C形线圈装置 驱动线圈：采用中心馈电的100MHz谐振半波天线（half-wave antenna）绕制的环形线圈（toroidal coil）。参数：导线直径2.7mm，匝数4匝，线圈半径5cm，两端开路。本系统采用高频感应驱动方式，通入频率f=100MHz、有效值Idrive,eff=0.3A的高频电流。 工作线圈：C形开路线圈，与驱动线圈同直径、共轴且强耦合。参数：采用直径0.1mm的漆包线（enameled wire）绕制12000匝；核心特征：每匝均保持70°的机械开口，且所有工作线圈的开口方向保持一致。 驱动线圈与工作线圈共同构成工作组件，总质量为270g。 1.2 U形线圈装置 驱动线圈：采用中心馈电的100MHz谐振半波天线（half-wave antenna）绕制的环形线圈（toroidal coil）。参数：导线直径2.7mm，匝数2.5匝，线圈半径11cm，两端开路。本系统采用高频感应驱动方式，通入频率f=100MHz、有效值Idrive,eff=0.3A的高频电流。 工作线圈：U形开路线圈，与驱动线圈共轴且强耦合。参数：采用直径0.1mm的漆包线（enameled wire）绕制6000匝。 驱动线圈与工作线圈共同构成工作组件，总质量为650g。 具体线圈结构详见压缩文件“线圈结构示意图.zip”。 2. 力学分析 净力（net force）估算：工作线圈通过与驱动线圈的互感（mutual inductance）产生驻波电流（standing wave current）。理论估算显示，单匝C形线圈的净力约为2.8×10^-8 N。12000匝的总净力量级为10^-4 N。净力方向垂直于线圈的驱动段（例如C形线圈的基座），指向线圈外部。 3. 实验方法与对照设计 为排除干扰因素并验证推力的固有特性，本研究设计了以下对照实验： 3.1 静止与伪开关实验 确保摆系统（pendulum system）处于完全静止或稳定摆动状态，记录静止基线后，执行伪开关通断操作，观察是否产生位移。本实验用于排除环境振动、气流、开关动作等非电磁因素作为位移来源的可能性（相关文件见“C-static控制实验.zip”、“U-static控制实验.zip”）。 3.2 方向反转实验 为验证推力方向与线圈几何形状的相关性，将C形线圈的开口朝向东、南、西、北四个正交方向，分别对应压缩文件“C-E.zip”、“C-S.zip”、“C-W.zip”与“C-N.zip”，并在相同条件下重复实验。根据理论预测，推力方向应与开口方向相反，即当开口朝东时，推力朝向西侧。若观测到的位移方向与该理论预测一致，则可证明推力源自线圈开口方向决定的电磁力不平衡。 3.3 标准化时间控制 为便于观测与数据分析，所有实验统一设定：视频开始后20秒通电，80秒断电。该标准化操作确保了不同实验的时间基准一致，便于后续视频分析软件进行数据提取与对比。 4. 定量分析方法 本研究采用Tracker视频分析软件（Tracker）对实验录像进行逐帧追踪分析。在每一帧中标记工作组件上的固定参考点，软件将自动输出该点的位置-时间坐标数据。通过分析位移随时间变化的曲线，可定量提取以下关键参数： - 位移起始时间与达到稳定的时间 - 稳态位移幅值 - 位移方向与线圈开口方向的关联关系 - 通电与断电后的瞬态响应特性 每份实验录像经分析后将生成三类文件（.mp4、.trk、.png）。 衷心欢迎各位专家学者提出批评与改进建议，本人将致力于完成必要的优化完善。 2026年5月18日
