"Quantum-Driven Optimization for Current Control of a Single-Coil Active Magnetic Bearing"

"Active magnetic bearings, inherently open-loop unstable and nonlinear, are essential for non-contact, and high-speed processes facilitated by electromagnetic levitation, but have considerable difficulties in controlling nonlinearities at wide air gaps due to operational factors or dynamic effects. Existing research establishes the framework, providing opportunities for innovative control approaches for enhanced industrial use. This work addresses the need to establish an effective controller by integrating empirical findings from a single-axis active magnetic bearing system with linear superposition principles of quantum mechanics using semiclassical estimates. The functioning of the system is mathematically represented by employing a density matrix framework with quantum observables such as coherence, von Neumann entropy, Hurst exponent, purity, Detrended fluctuation analysis, and fidelity, which guide the quasi-Newton Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno Bound (L-BFGS-B) optimization process in designing a fast-settling, overshoot-free current controller that stabilizes the electromagnetic coil current while ensuring fewer iterations, rapid convergence, and less computing power. Experimental results inform the controller design, and frequency response and eigenvalues show that the controller can maintain asymptotic stability in the presence of considerable noise and nonlinear dynamics at a high air gap. The work demonstrates the effectiveness of combining theoretical quantum mechanics with classical empirical investigation to provide sophisticated and flexible control methods using quantum computing, demonstrating its major prospects for Industry 4.0 and beyond."

主动磁轴承（Active magnetic bearings）是依托电磁悬浮实现非接触、高速运行的核心部件，但其固有开环不稳定且具有非线性特性。在宽气隙工况下，受运行因素与动态效应影响，其非线性控制存在较大难题。现有研究已搭建相关理论框架，为面向工业应用升级的创新控制方法提供了发展契机。本研究将单轴主动磁轴承系统的实验结果与基于半经典估计的量子力学线性叠加原理相结合，旨在构建高效控制器以满足实际应用需求。本研究采用密度矩阵（density matrix）框架，以相干性（coherence）、冯·诺依曼熵（von Neumann entropy）、赫斯特指数（Hurst exponent）、纯度（purity）、去趋势波动分析（Detrended Fluctuation Analysis）与保真度（fidelity）等量子可观测量对系统运行过程进行数学建模；并以此为指引，通过拟牛顿有限内存布罗伊登-弗莱彻-戈德法布-尚诺边界（L-BFGS-B）优化算法，设计出快速达到稳态、无超调的电流控制器，实现电磁线圈电流的稳定控制，同时兼具迭代次数少、收敛速度快、计算资源占用低的优势。实验结果为控制器设计提供了重要支撑，频响特性与特征值分析表明，该控制器可在宽气隙工况下，于强噪声与非线性动态环境中保持渐近稳定。本研究验证了将理论量子力学与经典实验研究相结合的有效性，可借助量子计算实现高精度、高灵活性的控制方法，展现出其在工业4.0（Industry 4.0）及未来领域的巨大应用前景。