Data and R code for publication: "Alcohol-Specific Inpatient Diagnoses in Germany: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis of Primary and Secondary Diagnoses from 2012 to 2021"

Abstract of the paper:AimsOur study aimed to a) describe the distribution of hospital discharges with primary and secondary alcohol-specific diagnoses by sex and age group, and b) describe how the number of hospital discharges with primary and secondary alcohol-specific diagnoses have changed across different diagnostic groups (categorized by primary ICD-10 diagnosis) over time.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional analysis.SettingGerman hospital settings between 2012 and 2021.ParticipantsAll persons aged 15-69 admitted to hospitals as registered in a nationwide data set.MeasurementsWe counted a) the number of all hospital discharges and b) the number of hospital discharges with at least one alcohol-specific secondary diagnosis (secondary alcohol-specific diagnosis) by year, sex, age group, and diagnostic group. One diagnostic group included all primary alcohol-specific diagnoses, while 13 additional groups aligned with ICD-10 chapters (e.g., neoplasms). Alcohol-involvement was defined as either a primary or secondary alcohol-specific diagnosis.FindingsOf 95,417,204 recorded hospital discharges between 2012-2021, 3,828,917 discharges (4.0%; 2,913,903 men (6.4%); 915,014 women (1.8%)) involved either a primary or at least one secondary diagnosis related to alcohol. Of all alcohol-involved hospital discharges, 56.8% had no primary but only a secondary alcohol-specific diagnosis. Secondary alcohol-specific diagnoses were particularly prevalent in hospital discharges due to injuries. With rising age, alcohol-involvement in hospital discharges due to digestive or cardiovascular diseases increased. Between 2012 and 2021, the rate of alcohol-involved hospital discharges has decreased more in younger as compared to older adults (average change between 2012 and 2021: 15-24: -55%; 25-34: -41%; 35-44: -23%; 45-54: -31%; 55-64: -21%; 65-69: -8%).ConclusionsThe number of alcohol-involved hospital discharges more than double when including secondary alcohol-specific diagnoses. More pronounced declines among younger adults may be attributed to unequal changes in alcohol consumption patterns across the population and to the hazardous effects of long-term alcohol use.

论文摘要：
研究目标：本研究旨在(a) 按性别与年龄组，描述伴有首要及次要酒精特异性诊断的住院出院病例分布情况；(b) 阐述按ICD-10首要诊断分类的不同诊断组中，伴有首要及次要酒精特异性诊断的住院出院病例数随时间的变化趋势。
研究设计：回顾性横断面分析。
研究场景：2012年至2021年的德国医院环境。
研究对象：全国性数据库收录的2012至2021年间，15至69岁的所有住院患者。
测量指标：本研究按年份、性别、年龄组及诊断组，统计(a) 所有住院出院病例数，以及(b) 至少伴有1项酒精特异性次要诊断的住院出院病例数（即酒精相关次要诊断病例）。其中1个诊断组涵盖所有首要酒精特异性诊断，另有13个诊断组对应ICD-10章节（如肿瘤章节）。酒精相关病例定义为伴有首要或至少1项次要酒精特异性诊断的病例。
研究结果：2012至2021年间，共计记录95,417,204例住院出院病例，其中3,828,917例（占比4.0%；男性2,913,903例，占比6.4%；女性915,014例，占比1.8%）伴有酒精相关首要诊断或至少1项酒精相关次要诊断。在所有酒精相关住院出院病例中，56.8%仅伴有次要酒精特异性诊断，无首要酒精特异性诊断。酒精特异性次要诊断在损伤类住院出院病例中尤为高发。随着年龄增长，因消化系统或心血管疾病住院的病例中酒精相关占比逐渐升高。2012至2021年间，年轻群体的酒精相关住院出院病例占比降幅高于老年群体（2012-2021年平均变化幅度：15-24岁组：-55%；25-34岁组：-41%；35-44岁组：-23%；45-54岁组：-31%；55-64岁组：-21%；65-69岁组：-8%）。
研究结论：若将次要酒精特异性诊断纳入统计范畴，酒精相关住院出院病例数将增加一倍以上。年轻群体的病例占比降幅更为显著，这一现象或与人群中饮酒模式的不均衡变化，以及长期饮酒的有害影响相关。