Dataset: Microcosm Experiments Reveal Source-Specific Impacts of Atmospheric Aerosols on Plankton Communities and Organic Matter in the Sea Surface Microlayer of the Adriatic Sea

Aerosol Analyses: Aerosol AA and BB materials were analysed for anions (Cl-, NO3-, NO2-, SO42-, PO43-) and cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) by ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection on dual channel capillary ion chromatograph (ICS-5000, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) as described in detail in Gluščić et al. (2023). Trace metals (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Cd, Pb, Al) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS 7500cx, Agilent Technologies, Germany), after sample digestion in an UltraCLAVE digestion system (Milestone Srl, Italy) as described in detail in Penezić et al. (2021). Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was determined after filtration of PM water extracts (0.7 μm GF/F filters, Whatman, UK; pre-combusted at 450 °C for 5 h) by TOC-VCPH analyser (Shimadzu, Japan) by standardized thermo-optical methods. Filter extracts re-dissolved in acetonitrile were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH; list in Supporting Information, Table S1) using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (1260 Infinity, Agilent Technologies, USA) as described in Jakovljević et al. (2021). Analysis of nitroaromatic compounds (NAC: list in Table S1) has been performed by UltiMate 3000 UHPLC system (Thermo Scientific, USA) coupled with a triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA), following the procedure described in Frka et al. (2022).Seawater Analyses: Detailed procedures for the analyses of nutrients, organic carbon, surface-active substances, phytoplankton, and microbial community abundances are described in detail in Milinković et al. (2022) and are also available in the Appendix 2 of the Supporting Information. Briefly, to determine nutrient (dissolved NO3-, NO2-, NH4+ and PO43-), dissolved (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations, seawater aliquots were filtrated through 0.7 μm GF/F filters (Whatman, UK) pre-combusted at 450 °C for 5 h. Nutrient concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically. Total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were calculated as the sum of concentrations of all dissolved N species measured. DOC measurements were conducted using a TOC-VCPH analyser (Shimadzu, Japan) with standardized thermo-optical methods. Filters for POC were dried and analysed via elemental analyser (Flash EA 1112, Thermo Scientific, USA). Concentrations of surfactants or surface-active substances (SAS), expressed in equivalents of non-ionic surfactant tetra-octylphenolethoxylate (mg T eq. L-1), were determined by phase sensitive alternating current (ac.) voltammetry. The initial chemical characteristics of the SML and ULW are presented in the Appendix 3, Table S3. Composition and abundance of nanophytoplankton (NP; 2 - 20 µm) and microphytoplankton (MP, 20 - 200 µm) were assessed through microscopy, while heterotrophic bacteria (HB), also classified into high nucleic acid (HNA) and low nucleic acid (LNA) bacteria, Prochlorococcus (Pro), Synechococcus (Syn), picoeukaryotes (hereafter picophytoplankton, PP) and heterotrophic nanoflagellate communities (HNF) were determined through flow cytometry. Note that the abundance of MP and NP was determined at 0, 40, and 88 h, while the abundances of other communities were measured at 0, 18, 40, 64 and 88 h.The dataset of the microcosm experiment is archived as a supplement to the manuscript submitted for the review process.气溶胶分析：采用双通道毛细管离子色谱仪（ICS-5000，赛默飞世尔科技，美国）结合抑制型电导检测，对气溶胶AA与BB材料的阴离子（Cl⁻、NO₃⁻、NO₂⁻、SO₄²⁻、PO₄³⁻）及阳离子（Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺）进行分析，详细方法参见Gluščić等人（2023）的研究。痕量金属（V、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Sr、Cd、Pb、Al）的测定采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS 7500cx，安捷伦科技，德国），样品前处理通过UltraCLAVE消解系统（Milestone Srl，意大利）完成，详细方法参见Penezić等人（2021）的研究。水溶性有机碳（WSOC）的测定：将PM水提取物经0.7 μm GF/F滤膜（沃特曼Whatman，英国；450℃预灼烧5 h）过滤后，采用TOC-VCPH分析仪（岛津，日本）通过标准化热光学法完成检测。将滤膜提取物复溶于乙腈后，采用带荧光检测器的高效液相色谱（1260 Infinity，安捷伦科技，美国）分析多环芳烃（PAH；详见支持信息表S1），详细方法参见Jakovljević等人（2021）的研究。硝基芳香族化合物（NAC；详见表S1）的分析采用UltiMate 3000超高效液相色谱（UHPLC，赛默飞科技，美国）联用三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱仪（安捷伦科技，美国），方法参照Frka等人（2022）的研究。 海水分析：营养盐、有机碳、表面活性物质、浮游植物及微生物群落丰度的详细分析方法参见Milinković等人（2022）的研究，亦可从支持信息附录2获取。简要而言，为测定营养盐（溶解态NO₃⁻、NO₂⁻、NH₄⁺及PO₄³⁻）、溶解态有机碳（DOC）与颗粒态有机碳（POC）浓度，取海水等分试样经0.7 μm GF/F滤膜（沃特曼Whatman，英国；450℃预灼烧5 h）过滤。营养盐浓度采用分光光度法测定，总溶解态无机氮（DIN）浓度以所有测得的溶解态氮组分浓度之和计算。DOC测定采用TOC-VCPH分析仪（岛津，日本），基于标准化热光学法完成。用于POC分析的滤膜经干燥后，采用元素分析仪（Flash EA 1112，赛默飞科技，美国）进行检测。表面活性剂或表面活性物质（SAS）浓度以非离子表面活性剂四辛基酚乙氧基化物当量表示（mg T eq. L⁻¹），采用相敏交流（AC）伏安法测定。海表微层（SML）与下层水体（ULW）的初始化学特征详见附录3表S3。微型浮游植物（NP，粒径2~20 μm）与小型浮游植物（MP，粒径20~200 μm）的组成及丰度通过显微镜法测定；异养细菌（HB，可分为高核酸（HNA）与低核酸（LNA）细菌）、原绿球藻（Pro）、聚球藻（Syn）、超真核生物（下文简称超微型浮游植物PP）及异养鞭毛虫群落（HNF）则通过流式细胞术测定。需注意，MP与NP的丰度在0、40、88 h时测定，其余群落的丰度则在0、18、40、64及88 h时测定。 本微宇宙实验数据集已作为投稿审稿稿件的补充材料存档。