Data from: An experimental test of the effect of predation upon behaviour and trait correlations in threespine stickleback

<b>Abstract</b><br/>Benthic and limnetic threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are a classic example of ecological speciation. Behavioural and armour divergence between these species has been predicted to be the result of divergent selection driven in part by differential predation from cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki). To experimentally test this prediction, we reared split families of benthic–limnetic hybrids in the presence or absence of trout predation. Our results show that the presence of trout had little effect upon stickleback behaviour. We then compared performance in behavioural assays among stickleback that varied in armour to test if armour morphology correlates with behaviour. Our measurements revealed trait correlations between several behaviours and components of armour morphology. Trout predation did not result in an increased correlation between traits, therefore differential trout predation between benthics and limnetics is unlikely to be the cause of these correlations. The presence of trait correlations in advanced generation hybrids suggests that pleiotropy or linkage between genes underlying behaviour and armour morphology may be greater than previously appreciated.

<b>摘要</b><br/>底栖型与湖沼型三刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）是生态物种形成的经典案例。预测认为，这些物种间的行为与盔甲结构（armour）分化是趋异选择的结果，部分由割喉鳟（Oncorhynchus clarki）的差异性捕食驱动。为实验验证该预测，我们将底栖-湖沼型杂交后代的家系分为两组，分别在有或无鳟鱼捕食的环境中饲养。结果显示，鳟鱼存在对三刺鱼行为几乎无影响。随后，我们比较了盔甲形态不同的三刺鱼在行为测定中的表现，以检验盔甲形态与行为是否相关。测定发现，若干行为与盔甲形态组分间存在性状关联。鳟鱼捕食并未增强性状间的关联性，因此底栖型与湖沼型三刺鱼面临的鳟鱼差异性捕食不太可能是这些关联的成因。高级世代杂交后代中存在性状关联，表明调控行为与盔甲形态的基因间的多效性（pleiotropy）或连锁（linkage）可能比之前认知的更为显著。