[Social and Environmental Indicators of Family Fish Farms in the Atlantic Forest area in the Ribeira Valley - SP]

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to apply socioenvironmental indicators in family fish farms located in the Ribeira Valley region, Atlantic Forest area, southwest of São Paulo state, Brazil. Thus, we identified 84 production units. Of these, we selected 40 as sample units. Among the main characteristics identified, 32% have water depth of less than five hectares with excavated ponds in semi-intensive system, 58% use family labor and 23% report the lack of specialized technical assistance as the main problem faced. The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) represents 57% of the species produced in monoculture or polyculture systems. Therefore, family fish farms are classified as small production systems with emphasis on the need to adapt natural resources, management capacity and efficiency of production practices. Social indicators ranged from 0.75 to 1.00 for salary equity, proportion of self-employment, use of local labor, gender inclusion and age inclusion, demonstrating the ability of aquaculture to assist local social development through job and income generation.

摘要 本研究旨在将社会环境指标应用于巴西圣保罗州西南部大西洋森林（Atlantic Forest）区域里贝拉谷（Ribeira Valley）地区的家庭渔场。本次研究共确认84个生产单元，从中选取40个作为样本单元。经梳理调研所得核心特征，32%的养殖单元采用半精养模式，拥有开挖式池塘，其养殖水域面积不足5公顷；58%的养殖单元使用家庭劳动力；23%的从业者将缺乏专业技术援助列为面临的主要困境。尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）在单养或混养模式的养殖物种中占比达57%。综上，此类家庭渔场可归类为小型生产系统，其核心发展需求在于适配自然资源禀赋、提升管理能力与生产实践效率。在薪酬公平、自主就业占比、本地劳动力使用、性别包容性与年龄包容性等维度，社会指标分值介于0.75至1.00之间，表明水产养殖业可通过创造就业与增加收入，助力当地社会发展。