93 Lighthouses in Portugal with Documented Chronology

The Portuguese lighthouse network constitutes both a maritime navigation safety system and a significant body of technical heritage. This study presents a chronological, typological, and techno-functional analysis of 93 lighthouses with documented chronology, based on public records from the Autoridade Marítima Nacional (AMN), namely its Lighthouse Directorate, and GeoPort. Key variables—including date of establishment, function, tower height, nominal range, light characteristics, and technological milestones such as electrification, automation, remote control, solar energy adoption, and LED implementation—support the identification of long-term evolutionary patterns.

葡萄牙灯塔网络既是一套完备的海上航行安全保障体系，亦是一笔重要的技术遗产。本研究依托葡萄牙国家海事管理局（Autoridade Marítima Nacional, AMN）及其灯塔管理局、GeoPort的公开档案资料，对93座留存有明确纪年记录的灯塔展开了编年学、类型学与技术功能维度的系统性分析。本次分析涵盖的核心变量包括建成年份、功能属性、塔体高度、标称光距、灯光特性，以及电气化、自动化、远程控制、太阳能应用、LED灯加装等关键技术里程碑，为识别该类灯塔的长期演化模式提供了坚实支撑。