Population Genomics and Environmental DNA Analysis of the Critically Endangered Acipenser dabryanus for Conservation Prioritization

This project integrates amplicon sequencing of 53 sturgeon individuals(Including 51 Acipenser dabryanus, 1 Acipenser sinensis and 1 Acipenser ruthenus) and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis from 46 sampling sites in the Yangtze River. The study aims to: Characterize population genetic diversity and identify critical adaptive loci using multiplexed MNP (Multiple Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers. Assess the efficacy of eDNA-based monitoring for detecting Acipenser dabryanus in fragmented habitats. Provide genomic resources to inform conservation strategies for this critically endangered species. Methods: Individual Genomes: Genomic DNA was extracted from muscle tissues, amplified via species-specific MNP primers, and sequenced. eDNA Workflow: Water samples were filtered, DNA was extracted using a phenol-chloroform protocol, and target loci enriched by PCR prior to sequencing. Data include: Raw sequencing reads (FASTQ) for individual genomes. This study addresses the urgent need for genomic tools in freshwater fish conservation and pioneers eDNA applications in sturgeon monitoring.

本项目整合了53尾鲟鱼个体的扩增子测序数据（含51尾达氏鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)、1尾中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)及1尾俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser ruthenus)），以及长江流域46个采样点的环境DNA（environmental DNA, eDNA）分析数据。
本研究旨在达成以下目标：其一，利用多重核苷酸多态性（Multiple Nucleotide Polymorphism, MNP）标记表征种群遗传多样性并鉴定关键适应性位点；其二，评估基于eDNA的监测方法在破碎化生境中检测达氏鲟的有效性；其三，为该极危物种的保护策略制定提供基因组学资源支撑。
实验方法：
个体基因组分析：从肌肉组织中提取基因组DNA，通过物种特异性MNP引物进行扩增后开展测序。
eDNA分析流程：对水样进行过滤，采用酚-氯仿法提取DNA，通过聚合酶链式反应（Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR）富集靶位点后进行测序。
本研究的数据包含：个体基因组的原始测序读数（FASTQ格式）。
本研究响应了淡水鱼类保护领域对基因组学工具的迫切需求，开创了eDNA技术在鲟鱼监测中的应用先河。