Dyslipidemia in children and adolescents of the municipality of Marau-RS

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are considered one of the main health conditions nowadays. The lipid profile of children and adolescents is directly associated with the prevalence of coronary disease in adults, since the atherosclerotic process begins to develop in youth and progresses in adult life. Objective To evaluate the lipid profile of children and adolescents in the city of Marau-RS. Method A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the lipid profile of children and adolescents aged 1 to 19 years, from April 2016 to July 2017, a total of 272 patients. Results Among the patients analyzed, 34.7% presented hypercholesterolemia, 56.7% had below-desirable HDL levels, 16% had increased LDL levels and 16% had hypertriglyceridemia. Statistical analysis of the results shows a significantly higher concentration of total cholesterol, HDL and Triglycerides in girls when compared to boys. Conclusion The high percentage of dyslipidemia in childhood points to the need to implement public policies for the prevention of juvenile dyslipidemia. Thus minimizing cardiovascular diseases related to adult life in the population.

摘要：背景方面，心血管疾病（cardiovascular diseases）被视为当前主要的公共健康问题之一。儿童及青少年的血脂谱（lipid profile）与成人冠状动脉疾病（coronary disease）的患病率直接相关，因为动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis）进程始于青年阶段，并在成年期持续进展。目的：评估巴西南大河州马鲁市（Marau-RS）1~19岁儿童及青少年的血脂谱。方法：本研究为回顾性研究，纳入2016年4月至2017年7月期间的272名1~19岁儿童及青少年患者，对其血脂谱开展分析评估。结果：在纳入分析的患者中，34.7%存在高胆固醇血症（hypercholesterolemia），56.7%的高密度脂蛋白（HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein）水平未达理想标准，16%的低密度脂蛋白（LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein）水平升高，另有16%存在高甘油三酯血症（hypertriglyceridemia）。统计分析结果显示，女性患者的总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白及甘油三酯浓度显著高于男性。结论：儿童群体中血脂异常的高患病率提示，亟需制定公共卫生政策以预防青少年血脂异常，从而降低人群成年后相关心血管疾病的发病风险。