Classifying high performance computing system breaches

<i>210042133/2022/19</i>The remarkable growth of cyber connectivity and remotely delivered services has resulted in cybersecurity taking priority among other challenges. High Performance Computing (HPC) systems are subjected to the same styles of attacks, as they have an active internet connection and run the same as any other computer. However, traditional security solutions do not perform well with HPC systems as they can affect performance. The trade-off between performance and computer security has been an important computer development consideration throughout the years.As HPC processor speeds are increasing, numerous threats have emerged and seem to be developing even more quickly because of it. Most of these vulnerabilities are related to how contemporary CPUs use cache and speculative execution. Several cyber countermeasures on detecting attacks have been implemented such as operating system modification and data execution prevention. The future of security is at the hardware level, the past security approaches of “just enough security” on systems have shown various security gaps because the hardware was optimised for speed and never for security. The study aims to adopt the survey research for data collection and to analyse and interpret it adopting descriptive statistics, specifically utilising convenience sampling as determined by the researcher. It is looking into the risks involved in hardware security, such as the type of attacks that target the hardware of a system designed to operate in a HPC environment and their impact if these hardware systems are not secured. It is focusing on classifying hardware security breaches and proposing a framework development categorising where to focus efforts to protect against HPC system attacks.<br>

<i>210042133/2022/19</i>随着网络互联与远程交付服务的显著增长，网络安全已成为各类挑战中的优先事项。高性能计算（High Performance Computing, HPC）系统同样面临各类攻击，因其具备活跃的互联网连接，运行逻辑与其他通用计算机别无二致。然而，传统安全解决方案在HPC系统上的表现欠佳，因为此类方案往往会对系统性能造成负面影响。多年来，性能与计算机安全之间的权衡始终是计算机技术发展进程中的重要考量因素。
随着HPC处理器速度不断提升，大量威胁随之涌现，且因处理器速度的提升，威胁的演化速度愈发迅猛。其中多数漏洞与当代CPU利用缓存与投机执行的运行机制密切相关。目前已实施多种攻击检测类网络对抗措施，例如操作系统修改与数据执行保护。
未来的网络安全将聚焦于硬件层面：过往“够用即可”的系统安全方案已暴露出诸多安全漏洞，究其原因，硬件在设计阶段仅以速度优化为目标，从未考虑安全需求。
本研究采用调查研究法开展数据采集，并通过描述性统计方法对采集到的数据进行分析与解读，具体采用研究者确定的便利抽样法。
研究旨在探究硬件安全相关风险，例如针对HPC环境中运行的系统硬件的攻击类型，以及此类硬件系统未得到安全防护时所造成的影响。
本研究的重点在于对硬件安全入侵事件进行分类，并提出一套框架开发方案，明确防护HPC系统攻击的重点方向。