Data_Sheet_4_Comparative Genomics Reveals Evolutionary Traits, Mating Strategies, and Pathogenicity-Related Genes Variation of Botryosphaeriaceae.PDF

Botryosphaeriaceae, as a major family of the largest class of kingdom fungi Dothideomycetes, encompasses phytopathogens, saprobes, and endophytes. Many members of this family are opportunistic phytopathogens with a wide host range and worldwide geographical distribution, and can infect many economically important plants, including food crops and raw material plants for biofuel production. To date, however, little is known about the family evolutionary characterization, mating strategies, and pathogenicity-related genes variation from a comparative genome perspective. Here, we conducted a large-scale whole-genome comparison of 271 Dothideomycetes, including 19 species in Botryosphaeriaceae. The comparative genome analysis provided a clear classification of Botryosphaeriaceae in Dothideomycetes and indicated that the evolution of lifestyle within Dothideomycetes underwent four major transitions from non-phytopathogenic to phytopathogenic. Mating strategies analysis demonstrated that at least 3 transitions were found within Botryosphaeriaceae from heterothallism to homothallism. Additionally, pathogenicity-related genes contents in different genera varied greatly, indicative of genus-lineage expansion within Botryosphaeriaceae. These findings shed new light on evolutionary traits, mating strategies and pathogenicity-related genes variation of Botryosphaeriaceae.

葡萄座腔菌科（Botryosphaeriaceae）是真菌界最大纲座囊菌纲（Dothideomycetes）的重要类群，涵盖植物病原菌、腐生菌与内生菌。该科诸多类群为机会性植物病原菌，宿主范围宽泛且地理分布遍及全球，可侵染众多具有经济价值的植物，包括粮食作物与生物燃料生产原料植物。然而截至目前，从比较基因组学视角出发，学界对该科的演化特征、交配策略及致病相关基因变异的认知仍十分有限。本研究针对271株座囊菌纲真菌开展了大规模全基因组比较分析，其中涵盖19株葡萄座腔菌科物种。比较基因组分析明确了葡萄座腔菌科在座囊菌纲中的分类地位，并揭示座囊菌纲内的生活方式演化经历了四次从非植物致病型到植物致病型的主要转变。交配策略分析结果显示，葡萄座腔菌科内至少发生了三次从异宗配合到同宗配合的演化转变。此外，不同属间的致病相关基因组成差异显著，这暗示葡萄座腔菌科内存在属级谱系扩张事件。上述研究结果为葡萄座腔菌科的演化特征、交配策略及致病相关基因变异研究提供了全新视角。