Drilling, construction, geophysical data, and lithologic logs for borehole USGS 152

In 2019 and 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for Naval Reactors Laboratory Field Office or Naval Reactors Facility (NRF), drilled and constructed borehole USGS 152 (433906112553401) for seismic and stratigraphic framework analyses at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) near the NRF, located in southeastern Idaho. Borehole USGS 152 was continuously cored from approximately 19 to 1,259 ft below land surface (BLS) and rotary drilled from approximately 1,259 to 1,630 ft BLS. Core drilling was discontinued after 1,259 ft BLS and changed over to straight rotary drilling due to funding constraints and deadlines. Core logs are displayed for three borings (USGS 152, USGS 152A, and USGS 152B) that all originate from the same surface location. To allow collection of open hole geophysical logs, the borehole was cemented and drilled out to stabilize difficult sections. Following cementing, the borehole cement was redrilled; however, on two separate occasions this resulted in a separate borehole core. At the onset of a new borehole, core was collected, and the borehole was given a subsequent name (USGS 152A and USGS 152B). Some overlap in cores was noted along with core depths and drilling dates. Core recovered from USGS 152 include depths from 18.5 to 749.0 ft between September 23, 2019 to July 5, 2020 with a hiatus during winter; USGS 152A was cored from 679.5 to 1007.0 ft between July 6, 2020 and August 20, 2020; USGS 152B was cored from 889.5 to 1259 ft between August 21, 2020 and October 3, 2020. The USGS collected select geophysical data, daily drilling notes, and prepared detailed core descriptions for core collected to 1,259 ft BLS, which are included as part of this data release. Also included are drilling field notes from INL subcontractor WOOD. The USGS Research Drilling Program (RDP) performed the core drilling operations and well construction between September 23, 2019, to October 3, 2020; additionally, the USGS RDP collected geophysical data, a single mechanical caliper (caliper) log on September 28, 2020. The USGS INL Project Office collected multiple geophysical logs on September 22, 2020. Select geophysical data include natural gamma, caliper, neutron, neutron porosity, and gamma-gamma density logs which were examined synergistically with available core material to identify contacts between basalt flows and location and thickness of sediment layers. Additionally, a gyroscopic deviation survey was performed and analyzed to reflect the projected well bore path. Geophysical data were collected using Century? multi-parameter logging probes and select logs are displayed in well log figures. Geophysical data shown in figure displays include the natural gamma and neutron probe (9055C), caliper probe (9065A), gamma-gamma density probe (0024C), and gyroscopic deviation probe (9095C). With the exception of the caliper log which was ran though the encased borehole, all geophysical data were collected through the drill rod. All logs were ran from the bottom-up after reaching total unobstructed depth. Geophysical log data not represented in figure displays can be obtained by downloading attached LAS files or by visiting USGS - GeoLog Locator. Drill core was taken to the USGS Lithologic Core Storage Library for storage and permanent archive located at Central Facilities Area on the INL. Drill core was photographed and described using standardized methods (Johnson and others, 2005). These standardized methods make use of commercially available software that include using a procedure developed by the USGS INL Project Office. The standardized method maximizes description and minimizes interpretation.

2019年至2020年，美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey, USGS）与美国能源部（U.S. Department of Energy, DOE）海军反应堆实验室野外办公室/海军反应堆设施（Naval Reactors Facility, NRF）合作，在位于爱达荷州东南部的爱达荷国家实验室（Idaho National Laboratory, INL）NRF附近区域，钻取并建造了USGS 152号钻孔（433906112553401），用于开展地震与地层格架分析。
USGS 152号钻孔在地表以下（below land surface, BLS）约19至1259英尺段采用连续取芯工艺，1259至1630英尺BLS段则采用旋转钻进工艺。由于资金限制与工期要求，1259英尺BLS处的取芯作业终止，转为纯旋转钻进。
本次数据集包含三个源自同一地表点位的钻孔（USGS 152、USGS 152A、USGS 152B）的取芯测井数据。为开展裸眼地球物理测井作业，该钻孔进行了固井并扩孔以加固复杂井段。固井后对井内水泥进行回钻作业，但两次作业分别形成了独立的取芯钻孔。在新钻孔启动阶段采集了岩芯，并为其赋予后续编号（USGS 152A与USGS 152B）。各钻孔的岩芯、取芯深度及钻进日期存在部分重叠。
USGS 152号钻孔的岩芯采集深度为18.5至749.0英尺，采集时段为2019年9月23日至2020年7月5日，期间冬季存在作业中断；USGS 152A号钻孔的取芯深度为679.5至1007.0英尺，时段为2020年7月6日至8月20日；USGS 152B号钻孔的取芯深度为889.5至1259英尺，时段为2020年8月21日至10月3日。
美国地质调查局针对1259英尺BLS以浅采集的岩芯，采集了精选地球物理数据、每日钻井记录，并编制了详细的岩芯描述，相关内容均包含于本数据集发布内容中。此外还包含INL分包商WOOD提交的钻井野外记录。
美国地质调查局研究钻井计划（Research Drilling Program, RDP）于2019年9月23日至2020年10月3日期间开展了取芯作业与井身建造；该计划同时采集了地球物理数据，包括2020年9月28日采集的单套机械井径测井（井径测井）。美国地质调查局INL项目办公室于2020年9月22日采集了多组地球物理测井数据。
精选地球物理数据包括自然伽马测井、井径测井、中子测井、中子孔隙度测井及伽马-伽马密度测井，通过与现有岩芯资料协同分析，可识别玄武岩流层接触关系、沉积层的位置与厚度。此外还开展了陀螺测斜测量，以反映井筒的实际延伸轨迹。
地球物理数据采用Century?多参数测井探头采集，部分测井曲线已绘制于测井图件中。图件展示的测井数据包括自然伽马与中子探头（9055C）、井径探头（9065A）、伽马-伽马密度探头（0024C）及陀螺测斜探头（9095C）。除井径测井通过固井后的井筒采集外，其余所有地球物理数据均通过钻杆采集。所有测井作业均在达到总无阻深度后自下而上开展。未在图件中展示的地球物理测井数据可通过下载附件LAS文件或访问USGS地质测井定位器（GeoLog Locator）获取。
钻探取得的岩芯被运送至位于INL中央设施区的美国地质调查局岩芯存储库进行保存与永久归档。岩芯按照标准方法（Johnson等，2005）进行拍照与描述，该标准方法采用商用软件，并使用了美国地质调查局INL项目办公室开发的操作流程。该标准化方法以最大化岩芯描述内容、最小化主观解释为原则。