Quasi-norm Kernel-based Emitter Localization

JHU_fingerprints.csv

CSV file of fingerprint measurements.  A set of TDoA, RSS, and AoA measurements were collected using a synchronized, distributed RF sensor network. The network consisted of eight ceiling-mounted sensor nodes, with each node having a dual-channel software-defined radio (SDR), for a total of sixteen receivers in the network. Each node also has a two-element antenna array with half-wavelength spacing between the elements. All nodes are synchronized to a common one pulse-per-second (PPS) reference enabling high-precision TDOA measurements. Each channel of a dual-channel SDR shares a common oscillator that enables two-element AoA measurements per node. In order to avoid interference from signals on active frequency bands while taking advantage of available antennas and an easy-to-achieve antenna element spacing, a 20MHz- wide 16QAM signal at a frequency of 206MHz was used as the source for measurements. The source signal transmitter was systematically moved throughout a mixed-use, 2100-sq meter space. 3527 different locations on a 0.6×0.6m grid were measured, which equates to sampling approximately 70% of the available space. At each location, the sensor network recorded complex IQ samples at the rate of 25MHz for approximately 60ms from the sixteen synchronized receivers. Measurements were generated from blocks of 8192 samples, leading to approximately 180 sets of TDoA (ns), RSS (dBm), and AoA (rad) measurements per location. The measurements were averaged, resulting in a 136 element vector for each location with 112 TDoA measurements,16 RSS measurements, and 8 AoA measurements. There are 112 = 16− 8 TDoA measurements, which is all possible pairs minus the measurements between the dual receivers at each of the eight nodes. These intra-node measurements are removed from the data analysis because the antenna separation is within the system margin of error for estimating time delays.

Nodes are labeled A-H.  Each receiver are labelled as 0 or 1.  TDoA columns are labeled according to node/receiver pairs, e.g., tdoa_B0_F1 is TDoA estimate between node B, receiver 0 and node F, receiver 1.  RSS columns are labeled according to node/receiver, i.e., rss_G1 is RSS estimate for node G, receiver 1.  AoA columns are labeled according to nodes, i.e., aoa_E is AoA estimate by the pair of receivers at node E.

Additional description of columns:

Column Groups
Number of columns
units
Description

date-time
1

yyyy-mm-dd-hh-mm-ss format. Time of measurement collection for given row.

TDoA
112
ns
See description above table.

RSS
16
dBm
See description above table.

AoA
8
rad
See description above table.

x
1
m
Cartesian coordinate of measurement location for given row.

y
1
m
Cartesian coordinate of measurement location for given row.

Location
1

Text description of location (hallways, rooms, etc.)

Distance
1
m
Distance between given node and measurement location, i.e., H0_dist is distance between measurement and node H, receiver 0.

JHU_locations.csv

CSV file of the sensor nodes (A-H) locations in Cartesian format.

JHU_fingerprints.csv

这是一份指纹测量数据的CSV文件。本数据集采用同步分布式射频（RF）传感器网络采集了一组到达时间差（Time Difference of Arrival, TDoA）、接收信号强度（Received Signal Strength, RSS）与到达角（Angle of Arrival, AoA）测量数据。该网络包含8个吊顶安装的传感器节点，每个节点配备双通道软件定义无线电（Software-Defined Radio, SDR），全网共计16个接收机。每个节点还搭载二元天线阵列，阵元间距为半波长。所有节点同步至公共的每秒1脉冲（One Pulse Per Second, PPS）参考信号，可实现高精度TDoA测量。双通道SDR的各通道共享同一振荡器，支持每个节点完成二元阵的AoA测量。

为避免有源频段信号干扰，同时充分利用现有天线与易实现的阵元间距，本研究选用206MHz频率、20MHz带宽的16QAM信号作为测量信号源。信号发射装置在总面积2100平方米的混合用途空间内按预设路径移动，在0.6×0.6米的网格上共采集3527个不同位置的测量数据，覆盖约70%的可用空间。

在每个测量位置，16个同步接收机以25MHz的速率采集复IQ样本，时长约60ms。测量数据取自8192个样本构成的数据块，每个位置可得到约180组TDoA（单位：纳秒，ns）、RSS（单位：dBm）与AoA（单位：弧度，rad）测量结果。对上述测量值取平均后，每个位置将得到136维特征向量，其中包含112个TDoA测量值、16个RSS测量值与8个AoA测量值。112个TDoA测量值对应16个接收机的所有两两配对组合减去8个节点内部的双通道接收机配对的测量值（即112 = C(16,2) - 8）。由于节点内部的天线间距处于系统时延估计的误差容限范围内，因此此类节点内测量值将被排除在数据分析之外。

传感器节点标记为A-H，每个接收机标记为0或1。TDoA列按节点/接收机对命名，例如"tdoa_B0_F1"表示节点B的接收机0与节点F的接收机1之间的TDoA估计值。RSS列按节点/接收机命名，例如"rss_G1"表示节点G的接收机1的RSS估计值。AoA列按节点命名，例如"aoa_E"表示节点E的二元接收机对得到的AoA估计值。

### 列详细说明
| 列组 | 列数 | 单位 | 描述 |
|--------------|------|------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| date-time | 1 | 无 | 格式为yyyy-mm-dd-hh-mm-ss，表示当前行测量数据的采集时间。 |
| TDoA | 112 | ns | 详见上文说明，即各接收机对的到达时间差测量值。 |
| RSS | 16 | dBm | 详见上文说明，即各节点接收机的接收信号强度测量值。 |
| AoA | 8 | rad | 详见上文说明，即各节点二元天线阵的到达角测量值。 |
| x | 1 | m | 当前行测量位置的笛卡尔x坐标（单位：米）。 |
| y | 1 | m | 当前行测量位置的笛卡尔y坐标（单位：米）。 |
| Location | 1 | 无 | 位置的文本描述（如走廊、房间等）。 |
| Distance | 1 | m | 测量位置与指定节点接收机的距离，例如"H0_dist"表示测量位置与节点H的接收机0之间的距离。 |

JHU_locations.csv

这是一份CSV文件，存储了以笛卡尔坐标格式记录的传感器节点（A-H）的位置信息。