Factors affecting the characteristics of trips conducted between visits to waterholes.

Distance traveled (A), maximum distance to start/end waterhole (B) and mean speed (C) were regressed against explanatory variables in linear mixed models with elephant identity as a random effect on intercept and slopes. The waterhole at the beginning of the trip is either different (commuting trip) or the same (looping trip) than the waterhole at the end of the trip. Estimates of the reference intercept (looping trips) and of deviations associated to other levels of explanatory variables are presented, with 95% confidence intervals obtained by parametric bootstrap with 10000 samples. Estimates for which the 95% confidence interval do not include zero are in bold.

以行进距离（A）、出发/抵达水源地（waterhole）的最大距离（B）及平均行进速度（C）为因变量，以解释变量为自变量开展线性混合模型（linear mixed models）回归分析，其中以大象个体标识作为截距与斜率的随机效应项。行程起点处的水源地与终点处的水源地要么互不相同（此类行程称为通勤行程），要么完全一致（此类行程称为往返行程）。本研究给出了基准截距（对应往返行程）以及各解释变量其余水平对应的偏差估计值，并通过10000次参数bootstrap抽样得到95%置信区间。若某估计值的95%置信区间未包含零点，则将其以加粗格式标注。