<b>Data and R codes for Shi </b><b><i>et al.</i></b><b> Strategic dynamics in response to grazing and biotic resistance facilitate successful invasion of a widespread invader, </b><b><i>Solanum rostratum</i></b><b>, in northern China</b>

The role of functional strategies in mediating invasion success has been extensively investigated, yet how the plasticity of these strategies enables invaders to thrive and maintain their dominance under various environmental and community contexts remains poorly understood. Here, we explored the invasion mechanisms of <i>Solanum rostratum</i> across a 3,000 km invasion gradient in northern China under Grime’s competitor, stress tolerator, and ruderal (CSR) framework. While<i> </i><i>S. rostratum</i> consistently exhibited a higher investment in C-strategy compared to native species, it demonstrated plastic shifts between S- and R- strategies. These strategic shifts were primarily influenced by the CSR strategy and species composition of native communities, which selected for greater strategic divergence between <i>S. rostratum</i> and native species. Grazing also modulated these shifts by altering the phylogenetic and functional compositions of native communities. By increasing its strategic divergence from native competitors, <i>S. rostratum</i> may persist in species diverse native community and capitalize on transient nutrient pulses created by disturbances. Our findings challenged the traditional notion of a fixed invasion syndrome, revealing dynamical changes across space and invasional stages. This underscores the critical importance of considering the dynamics of invasion syndrome in future research, providing a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the processes driving invasion success.功能策略在介导入侵成功中的作用已得到广泛研究，但这些策略的可塑性如何帮助入侵物种在多样环境与群落背景下繁衍生息并维持优势地位，目前仍知之甚少。本研究基于格里姆提出的竞争者-耐胁迫者-杂草（Competitor-Stress Tolerator-Ruderal，CSR）功能策略框架，探讨了中国北方3000公里入侵梯度上刺萼龙葵（Solanum rostratum）的入侵机制。尽管相较于本地物种，刺萼龙葵始终在C策略上投入更高，但它在S策略与R策略之间表现出可塑性转变。这类策略转变主要受本地群落的CSR策略与物种组成调控，进而加剧了刺萼龙葵与本地物种间的策略分化程度。放牧也通过改变本地群落的系统发育与功能组成，对这类策略转变起到调控作用。通过提升与本地竞争者的策略分化程度，刺萼龙葵可在物种多样的本地群落中存续，并利用干扰产生的瞬时养分脉冲获取资源。本研究结果挑战了"入侵综合征固定不变"的传统认知，揭示了入侵过程在空间与入侵阶段上的动态变化。这凸显了在未来研究中纳入入侵综合征动态特征的重要性，为解析驱动入侵成功的过程提供了更为精细且全面的认知。