Dataset. Intimate partner violence types and symptoms of common mental disorders in rural Chiapas, Mexico

This data base was used for a study that examines the scope and characteristics of male-to-female intimate partner violence in southern rural Chiapas, Mexico, and its association with depression and anxiety symptoms, highlighting the role of partner controlling behaviors. Participants were selected by random sampling. One-hundred and twenty eight women >15 years participated. Data was obtained through an adapted version of the National Survey of the Dynamics of Household Relationships (ENDIREH) intimate partner violence scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 for depression symptoms and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 for anxiety symptoms. The study design followed the WHO “Ethic and Safety Recommendations for conducting research on Domestic Violence Against Women”. The protocol received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of the Harvard Medical School Office of Human Research Administration and the Chiapas Health Institute. Frequency of physical, sexual and controlling violent events was assessed as follows: never happened, happened once, happened sometimes, happened many times. These categories were provided in the survey and are contingent upon each respondent’s consideration. Severity of IPV (physical and sexual) was categorized as low, moderate or severe. These categories were created through a combination of the frequency of violent events and the severity of events: being kicked, tied-up, choked, attacked with a machete/knife and attacked with a gun where considered severe regardless of frequency; being pushed, pulled by the hair, slapped, hit, or have objects thrown at her where defined as follows: a) low severity when the event(s) occurred once, b) moderate severity when events happened sometimes, and c) high severity when events happened many times. Similarly, being coerced to have sex, or forced to do specific sexual activities while having sex were categorized as follows: a) low severity if it happened once, b) moderate severity if it happened sometimes, and c) severe if it happened many times. In the case of having been forced to have sex through physical force, it was considered a) moderate severity when it happened once, and b) severe when it happened more than once. IPV was labeled as low, moderate or severe based on the physical or sexual violence item that was labeled most severe for each woman.Fourteen control tactics were asked to measure CB: 1) not permitting her to work outside of home; 2) taking away her property, belongings or money; 3) not permitting her to visit her family; 4) not providing with money for basic household needs when he did have; 5) humiliating, shaming or insulting her; 6) falsely accusing her of being unfaithful; 7) frightening her or making her feel afraid of him; 8) locking her in; 9) spying or monitoring her; 10) threatening her with throwing her out of the house; 11) putting the children against her; 12) threatening her with taking the children away from her; 13) threatening her with abandoning her; 14) threatening her with killing her. Partner CB level was categorized as: a) high with more than four control tactics were reported (highest tercile), b) moderate with one to four control tactics were reported, and c) no control when no control tactics reported. High-control IPV (HC-IPV) and moderate-control IPV (MC-IPV) categories were created to reflect Johnson’s suggested categories of Intimate Terrorism and Situational Couple Violence, respectively. IPV was labeled as HC-IPV whenever a) control was high irrespective of the severity of physical or sexual violence, and b) control was moderate and severity of physical or sexual violence was high. IPV was labeled as MC-IPV when a) severity was low, and control was none or moderate, b) when severity was moderate and control none or moderate, and c) when physical or sexual violence was severe and no control tactics were reported.

本数据集用于一项研究，该研究探讨墨西哥恰帕斯州南部农村地区男性对女性亲密伴侣暴力（Intimate Partner Violence，IPV）的发生范围与特征，及其与抑郁、焦虑症状的关联，并重点阐释伴侣控制行为的作用。研究采用随机抽样法选取研究对象，共纳入128名15岁以上女性。数据采集采用经改编的家庭关系动态全国调查（National Survey of the Dynamics of Household Relationships，简称ENDIREH）亲密伴侣暴力量表、用于评估抑郁症状的患者健康问卷9项版（Patient Health Questionnaire-9，PHQ-9），以及用于评估焦虑症状的广泛性焦虑障碍7项量表（Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7，GAD-7）。本研究设计遵循世界卫生组织（WHO）《针对妇女家庭暴力研究的伦理与安全建议》，研究方案已获得哈佛医学院人类研究管理办公室伦理审查委员会与恰帕斯州卫生研究所的伦理批准。身体暴力、性暴力及控制型暴力的发生频率被划分为四类：从未发生、发生一次、偶尔发生、多次发生，该分类由调查问卷设定，并由受访者自行判断。亲密伴侣暴力（IPV，含身体与性暴力）的严重程度结合暴力发生频率与暴力行为严重程度进行划分：被踢击、捆绑、扼颈、持砍刀/刀具攻击、持枪攻击等行为，无论发生频率如何，均被视为重度暴力；推搡、拉扯头发、掌掴、殴打或向其投掷物品等行为的严重程度定义为：a) 轻度：该类事件仅发生一次；b) 中度：该类事件偶尔发生；c) 重度：该类事件多次发生。同理，被强迫发生性行为或在性交过程中被迫进行特定性行为的严重程度分类为：a) 轻度：仅发生一次；b) 中度：偶尔发生；c) 重度：多次发生。若通过身体暴力强迫发生性行为，则分类为：a) 中度：仅发生一次；b) 重度：发生超过一次。本研究根据每名女性所经历的最严重身体或性暴力条目，将其亲密伴侣暴力划分为轻度、中度或重度。研究设置14项控制策略条目以评估伴侣控制行为（Controlling Behaviors，CB）：1) 不允许其外出工作；2) 没收其财产、物品或钱财；3) 不允许其探望家人；4) 在自身具备经济能力的情况下，不为其提供基本家庭生活所需钱款；5) 羞辱、贬低或辱骂其；6) 虚假指控其不忠；7) 恐吓或使其对自身感到恐惧；8) 将其反锁在家中；9) 监视或跟踪其行踪；10) 威胁将其赶出家门；11) 挑拨子女与其对立；12) 威胁将子女带走；13) 威胁遗弃其；14) 威胁杀害其。伴侣控制行为水平被划分为三类：a) 高控制：报告使用4项以上控制策略（最高三分位组）；b) 中度控制：报告使用1-4项控制策略；c) 无控制：未报告任何控制策略。据此构建高控制型亲密伴侣暴力（High-control IPV，HC-IPV）与中度控制型亲密伴侣暴力（Moderate-control IPV，MC-IPV）两类别，分别对应约翰逊提出的亲密恐怖主义（Intimate Terrorism）与情境性伴侣暴力（Situational Couple Violence）概念。当满足以下任一条件时，亲密伴侣暴力被标记为HC-IPV：a) 控制行为水平为高，无论身体或性暴力的严重程度如何；b) 控制行为水平为中度，且身体或性暴力的严重程度为重度。当满足以下任一条件时，亲密伴侣暴力被标记为MC-IPV：a) 暴力严重程度为轻度，且控制行为水平为无或中度；b) 暴力严重程度为中度，且控制行为水平为无或中度；c) 身体或性暴力严重程度为重度，但未报告任何控制策略。