Living Costs and Food Survey, 2006-2020: Secure Access

<i>Background</i><br> A household food consumption and expenditure survey has been conducted each year in Great Britain (excluding Northern Ireland) since 1940. At that time the National Food Survey (NFS) covered a sample drawn solely from urban working-class households, but this was extended to a fully demographically representative sample in 1950. From 1957 onwards the Family Expenditure Survey (FES) provided information on all household expenditure patterns including food expenditure, with the NFS providing more detailed information on food consumption and expenditure. The NFS was extended to cover Northern Ireland from 1996 onwards. In April 2001 these surveys were combined to form the Expenditure and Food Survey (EFS), which completely replaced both series. From January 2008, the EFS became known as the Living Costs and Food (LCF) module of the Integrated Household Survey (IHS). As a consequence of this change, the EFS questionnaire was altered to accommodate the insertion of a core set of questions, common to all of the separate modules which together comprise the IHS. Some of these core questions are simply questions which were previously asked in the same or a similar format on all of the IHS component surveys (including the EFS). For further information on the LCF questionnaire, see Volume A of the LCF 2008 User Guide, held with SN 6385. Further information about the LCF/EFS, including links to published reports based on the survey, may be found on the ONS <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/incomeandwealth/methodologies/livingcostsandfoodsurvey" title="Living Costs and Food Survey" target="_blank">Living Costs and Food Survey</a> webpage. Further information on the NFS and Living Costs and Food Module of the IHS can be found by searching for 'Family Food' on the <a href="https://www.gov.uk/" title="GOV.UK" target="_blank">GOV.UK</a> website.<br> <br> <i>Purpose of the LCF (formerly EFS)</i><br> The Office for National Statistics (ONS) has overall project management and financial responsibility for the LCF/EFS, while the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) sponsors the food data. As with the FES and NFS, the LCF continues to be primarily used to provide information for the <i>Retail Prices Index</i>, <i>National Accounts</i> estimates of household expenditure, analysis of the effect of taxes and benefits, and trends in nutrition. The results are multi-purpose, however, providing an invaluable supply of economic and social data. The merger of the two surveys also brings benefits for users, as a single survey on food expenditure removes the difficulties of reconciling data from two sources.<br> <br> <i>Design and methodology</i><br> The design of the LCF/EFS is based on the FES, although the use of new processing software by the data creators has resulted in a dataset which differs from the previous FES structure. The most significant change in terms of reporting expenditure, however, is the introduction of the <i>European Standard Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose</i> (COICOP), in place of the codes used in the FES and NFS, which were unique to the two surveys. An additional level of hierarchy has been developed for the EFS to improve the mapping to the previous FES and NFS codes. The LCF/EFS was conducted on a financial year basis from 2001, but was moved from a financial to a calendar year basis from January 2006 in anticipation of the introduction of the IHS. Therefore, whilst SNs 4697, 5003, 5210, 5375 and 5688 cover 2001-2002, 2002-2003, 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 respectively, SN 5986 covers January-December 2006, and subsequent studies cover January-December of the survey year. The documentation for SN 5986 provides further details of the change in methodology.<br> <br> <i>Northern Ireland sample</i><br> Users of the LCF/EFS should note that, due to funding constraints, from January 2010 the Northern Ireland (NI) sample used for the LCF was reduced to a sample proportionate to the NI population relative to the UK.<br> <br> <i>Variables available in the Secure Access version</i><br> The Secure Access version includes geographical variables with detail below government office region up to the postcode level, and urban/rural area indicators, as well as other sensitive variables. Also included are the raw diary information files and the family expenditure codes files.<br> <br> In response to user demand, the Living Costs and Food Survey moved from a calendar to financial year survey from 2015. See documentation for further details of the change.<br> <br> <i>Latest edition information</i><br> For the fourteenth edition (September 2021), data and documentation for 2018-2019 and for 2019-2020 have been added to the study.<br>

<i>背景</i><br>自1940年起，英国（不含北爱尔兰）每年开展家庭食品消费与支出调查。彼时，全国食品调查（National Food Survey，NFS）的样本仅取自城市工人阶级家庭，但1950年扩展为具有全面人口代表性的样本。1957年起，家庭支出调查（Family Expenditure Survey，FES）提供包括食品支出在内的所有家庭支出模式信息，而NFS则提供更详细的食品消费与支出信息。1996年起，NFS扩展至覆盖北爱尔兰。2001年4月，这两项调查合并为支出与食品调查（Expenditure and Food Survey，EFS），完全取代了原有两项调查系列。2008年1月起，EFS更名为综合家庭调查（Integrated Household Survey，IHS）的生活成本与食品（Living Costs and Food，LCF）模块。受此变更影响，EFS问卷进行了调整，以纳入一组核心问题——这些问题为构成IHS的所有独立模块所共有。部分核心问题与此前IHS各组成调查（含EFS）中以相同或相似格式提出的问题一致。关于LCF问卷的更多信息，请参见SN 6385收录的《2008年LCF用户指南》A卷。关于LCF/EFS的更多信息（包括基于该调查的已发布报告链接），可访问英国国家统计局（ONS）的<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/incomeandwealth/methodologies/livingcostsandfoodsurvey" title="Living Costs and Food Survey" target="_blank">生活成本与食品调查</a>网页。关于NFS及IHS的生活成本与食品模块的更多信息，可在<a href="https://www.gov.uk/" title="GOV.UK" target="_blank">GOV.UK</a>网站搜索“Family Food”获取。<br><br><i>LCF（前身为EFS）的目的</i><br>英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics，ONS）对LCF/EFS负有整体项目管理与财务责任，而环境、食品与农村事务部（Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs，DEFRA）则资助食品数据相关工作。与FES和NFS相同，LCF的主要用途仍是为零售价格指数（Retail Prices Index）、国民账户（National Accounts）中的家庭支出估算、税收与福利效应分析及营养趋势研究提供信息。然而，调查结果具有多用途性，为经济与社会研究提供了宝贵的数据资源。两项调查的合并也为用户带来便利：单一的食品支出调查消除了协调两个来源数据的困难。<br><br><i>设计与方法</i><br>LCF/EFS的设计基于FES，不过数据创建者使用的新处理软件导致数据集结构与此前的FES不同。然而，就支出报告而言，最显著的变化是引入了按目的划分的欧洲个人消费标准分类（European Standard Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose，COICOP），取代了FES和NFS中使用的、仅适用于这两项调查的编码。为改进与原有FES和NFS编码的映射，EFS新增了一个层级结构。2001年起，LCF/EFS按财政年度开展，但为筹备IHS的引入，2006年1月起从财政年度改为日历年制。因此，SN 4697、5003、5210、5375和5688分别覆盖2001-2002、2002-2003、2004-2005和2005-2006年度，而SN 5986覆盖2006年1月-12月，后续研究则覆盖调查年度的1月-12月。SN 5986的文档提供了方法变更的更多细节。<br><br><i>北爱尔兰样本</i><br>LCF/EFS用户需注意，受资金限制，2010年1月起用于LCF的北爱尔兰（NI）样本缩减为与北爱尔兰人口占英国总人口比例相匹配的规模。<br><br><i>安全访问版本中的可用变量</i><br>安全访问版本包含地理变量（详细程度从政府办公区域以下至邮政编码级别）、城乡区域指标及其他敏感变量。此外还包含原始日记信息文件与家庭支出编码文件。<br><br>应用户需求，生活成本与食品调查自2015年起从日历年制改回财政年度制。变更详情请参见文档。<br><br><i>最新版本信息</i><br>第14版（2021年9月）中，2018-2019及2019-2020年度的数据与文档已新增至本研究。