Supplementary Material for: Association of Mild Kidney Dysfunction with Silent Brain Lesions in Neurologically Normal Subjects

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been closely associated with stroke. Although a large number of studies reported the relationship between CKD and different types of asymptomatic brain lesions, few comprehensive analyses have been performed for all types of silent brain lesions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a cross-sectional study involving 1,937 neurologically normal subjects (mean age 59.4 years). Mild CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m² or positive proteinuria. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of mild CKD was 8.7%. Univariate analysis revealed an association between CKD and all silent brain lesions, including silent brain infarction, periventricular hyperintensity, subcortical white matter lesion, and microbleeds, in addition to hypertension and diabetes mellitus after adjusting for age and sex. In binary logistic regression analysis, the presence of CKD was a significant risk factor for all types of silent brain lesions, independent of other risk factors. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These results suggest that mild CKD is independently associated with all types of silent brain lesions, even in neurologically normal subjects.

**背景**：慢性肾脏病（Chronic Kidney Disease, CKD）与脑卒中密切相关。尽管已有大量研究探讨了慢性肾脏病与不同类型无症状性脑病变之间的关联，但目前针对各类隐匿性脑病变（silent brain lesions）的综合性分析仍较为匮乏。
**方法**：本研究纳入1937名神经功能正常的受试者开展横断面研究，受试者平均年龄为59.4岁。轻度慢性肾脏病的定义为估算肾小球滤过率（estimated glomerular filtration rate）介于30~60 ml/min/1.73 m²，或存在蛋白尿阳性。
**结果**：轻度慢性肾脏病的患病率为8.7%。单因素分析显示，在校正年龄与性别因素后，慢性肾脏病与各类隐匿性脑病变均存在关联，涵盖隐匿性脑梗死、脑室周围高信号、皮层下白质病变及脑微出血；同时高血压与糖尿病也呈现相关关联。二元logistic回归分析表明，慢性肾脏病的存在是各类隐匿性脑病变的显著危险因素，且独立于其他危险因素。
**结论**：本研究结果显示，即便在神经功能正常的人群中，轻度慢性肾脏病仍与各类隐匿性脑病变存在独立相关性。