Supplementary Material for: Early Nutrition and Growth until the Corrected Age of 2 Years in Extremely Preterm Infants

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Extremely preterm birth is associated with a high risk of extrauterine growth retardation, which has been linked with adverse developmental outcomes. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We investigated whether nutritional management during the first 7 days of life affects growth patterns until the corrected age of 2 years in extremely preterm infants. <b><i>Study Design:</i></b> A retrospective study of 78 extremely preterm (&lt;28 weeks' gestation) neonates was conducted. Data regarding parenteral and enteral intake of energy, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates during the first 7 days of life were collected from patient records. The outcome measures included weight, height, and head circumference with <i>Z</i> scores at term-equivalent age and the corrected ages of 1 and 2 years. Analyses were performed with hierarchical-linear mixed models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nutritional intake during the first week of life did not reach the current recommendations. The total energy intake during the first 7 days of life was statistically significantly associated with weight, length, and head circumference until the corrected age of 2 years after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Individual macronutrient intake displayed no association with growth patterns. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Energy intake during the first 7 days of life is associated with growth until the corrected age of 2 years. These results provide support for the aggressive early nutritional management of extremely preterm infants.

**背景：** 极早早产与宫外生长迟缓（extrauterine growth retardation）的高风险相关，而宫外生长迟缓已被证实与不良发育结局存在关联。
**研究目的：** 本研究旨在探讨极早早产儿出生后前7天的营养管理，是否会对其直至校正年龄2岁时的生长模式产生影响。
**研究设计：** 本研究为一项针对78例妊娠小于28周的极早早产新生儿的回顾性研究。从患者病历中提取了出生后前7天内的肠外与肠内能量、蛋白质、脂类及碳水化合物摄入数据。结局指标包括足月等效年龄、校正年龄1岁及2岁时的体重、身长、头围及其Z评分（Z scores）。分析采用分层线性混合模型（hierarchical-linear mixed models）完成。
**研究结果：** 出生后第一周的营养摄入未达到当前临床推荐标准。在校正潜在混杂因素后，出生后前7天的总能量摄入与极早早产儿直至校正年龄2岁时的体重、身长及头围均存在统计学显著相关性。而单一宏量营养素的摄入与生长模式无明显关联。
**结论：** 出生后前7天的能量摄入与极早早产儿直至校正年龄2岁时的生长状况存在相关性。本研究结果支持对极早早产儿采取积极的早期营养管理策略。