TDRI_dataset.csv

The current dataset was published by Golino and Gomes (2015). It presents data from 1,803 Brazilians (52.5% female) with age varying from 5 to 85 years (M = 15.75; SD = 12.21) that answered to the Inductive Reasoning Developmental Test – IRDT (3rd version; Golino &amp; Gomes, 2015), a pencil-and-paper instrument with 56 items designed to assess developmentally sequenced and hierarchically organized inductive reasoning.. The sequence of IRDT items was constructed to measure seven developmental stages based on the Model of Hierarchical Complexity (Commons &amp; Richards, 1984; Commons &amp; Pekker, 2008) and on Fischer’s Dynamic Skill Theory (Fischer, 1980; Fischer &amp; Yan, 2002), two neo-Piagetian theories of development. Golino and Gomes (2015) showed that two structures can be used to describe the IRDT items. The first one is a seven correlated factors model [χ² (1463) = 764,28; p = 0,00; CFI = 1,00; RMSEA = 0,00; NFI = 0,99; NNFI = 1,00], in which each factor represents one stage and explains a group of eight items. The other is a bifactor (Schimid-Leiman) model with seven specific first order factors, each one representing one stage and explaining a group of eight items, plus a general first order factor directly explaining the IRDT’s 56 items [χ² (1428) = 2768,36; p = 0,00; CFI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,04; NFI = 0,95; NNFI = 0,98]. The authors showed that both models are not significantly different, via the Satorra and Bentler’s (2001) scaled chi-square test [Δχ² = -99.87; ΔDF = 35; p = 1].<br>Reference: Golino, H. F., &amp; Gomes, C. M. (2015). Investigando estágios de desenvolvimento do raciocínio indutivo usando a análise fatorial confimatória, o Modelo Logístico Simples de Rasch e o modelo de teste logístico linear (Rasch Estendido). In H. F. Golino, C. M. Gomes, A. Amantes, &amp; G. Coelho, Psicometria Contemporânea: Compreendendo os Modelos Rasch (pp. 283-331). São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo/Pearson.<br>

本数据集由Golino与Gomes（2015）发布。本数据集收录了1803名巴西受试者的测试数据，其中女性占比52.5%，年龄跨度为5至85岁（均值M=15.75，标准差SD=12.21），所有受试者均完成了归纳推理发展测试（Inductive Reasoning Developmental Test，IRDT，第3版；Golino & Gomes, 2015）。该测试为包含56道题目的纸笔施测工具，旨在评估按发展序列排布且具有层级结构的归纳推理能力。

IRDT的题目序列基于层级复杂性模型（Model of Hierarchical Complexity，Commons & Richards, 1984；Commons & Pekker, 2008）与Fischer动态技能理论（Fischer’s Dynamic Skill Theory，Fischer, 1980；Fischer & Yan, 2002）构建，这两类均为新皮亚杰主义发展理论，据此划分出七个发展阶段。

Golino与Gomes（2015）的研究表明，可通过两种结构对IRDT的题目进行建模。第一种为七因素相关模型（seven correlated factors model）[χ²(1463)=764.28; p=0.00; CFI=1.00; RMSEA=0.00; NFI=0.99; NNFI=1.00]，每个因素对应一个发展阶段，可解释8道题目的变异。第二种为双因素（Schmid-Leiman）模型，包含七个特定一阶因素：每个一阶特定因素对应一个发展阶段，可解释8道题目的变异，此外还设有一个通用一阶因素，直接对应IRDT的全部56道题目[χ²(1428)=2768.36; p=0.00; CFI=0.98; RMSEA=0.04; NFI=0.95; NNFI=0.98]。通过Satorra与Bentler（2001）的校正卡方检验（scaled chi-square test）可知，两种模型不存在显著差异[Δχ²=-99.87; ΔDF=35; p=1]。

参考文献：Golino, H. F. 与 Gomes, C. M. (2015). 采用验证性因素分析、Rasch简单Logistic模型与线性Logistic测验模型（扩展Rasch模型）探究归纳推理的发展阶段. 收录于 H. F. Golino、C. M. Gomes、A. Amantes 与 G. Coelho 编著的《当代心理测量：理解Rasch模型》（第283-331页）. 圣保罗：心理学家之家/Pearson（培生）。