Table3_Integration of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics for Understanding the Different Vegetative Growth in Morchella Sextelata.XLS

Morchella sextelata is an edible and medicinal fungus with high nutritional, medicinal, and economic value. Recently, M. sextelata has been produced through artificial cultivation in China, but its stable production remains problematic because the details of its growth and development process are limitedly understood. Herein, to investigate the dynamic process of M. sextelata development, we integrated the transcriptomics and metabolomics data of M. sextelata from three developmental stages: the young mushroom period (YMP), marketable mature period (MMP), and physiological maturity period (PMP). The results showed that the transcriptome changed dynamically at different stages and demonstrated the significant enrichment of pathways that regulate plant growth and development, such as N-glycan biosynthesis and carbon and purine metabolism. Similarly, small-molecule metabolites, such as D-fructose-1,6-biphosphate, which was upregulated during the YMP, dihydromyricetin, which was upregulated during the MMP, and L-citrulline, which was upregulated during the PMP, also showed phase-dependent characteristics. Then, combined analysis of the transcriptome data and metabolome traits revealed that the transcriptome may affect metabolic molecules during different growth stages of M. sextelata via specific enzymes, such as α-glucosidase and glucanase, which were included in two opposite transcriptome modules. In summary, this integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics data for understanding the vegetative growth of M. sextelata during different developmental stages implicated several key genes, metabolites, and pathways involved in the vegetative growth. We believe that these findings will provide comprehensive insights into the dynamic process of growth and development in M. sextelata and new clues for optimizing the methods for its cultivation application.

六妹羊肚菌（Morchella sextelata）是一种兼具食用与药用价值的真菌，具备极高的营养、药用与经济价值。近年来，中国已实现六妹羊肚菌的人工栽培，但由于其生长发育过程的详细机制尚未被充分解析，稳定量产仍存在诸多挑战。
为探究六妹羊肚菌的发育动态过程，本研究整合了其三个发育阶段的转录组学与代谢组学数据：幼菇期（young mushroom period, YMP）、商品成熟期（marketable mature period, MMP）与生理成熟期（physiological maturity period, PMP）。
研究结果表明，不同发育阶段的转录组呈现动态变化趋势，且显著富集了调控植物生长发育的通路，例如N-聚糖生物合成、碳代谢与嘌呤代谢等。与之类似，小分子代谢物同样表现出阶段依赖性特征：如幼菇期上调表达的D-果糖-1,6-二磷酸（D-fructose-1,6-biphosphate）、商品成熟期上调的二氢杨梅素（dihydromyricetin），以及生理成熟期上调的L-瓜氨酸（L-citrulline）。
随后，通过转录组与代谢组联合分析发现，转录组可通过特定酶类调控六妹羊肚菌不同生长阶段的代谢分子，例如隶属于两个相反转录组模块的α-葡萄糖苷酶（α-glucosidase）与葡聚糖酶（glucanase）。
综上，本研究通过整合转录组学与代谢组学数据，解析了六妹羊肚菌不同发育阶段的营养生长过程，筛选出多个参与营养生长的关键基因、代谢物及调控通路。我们认为，上述研究结果可为阐明六妹羊肚菌生长发育的动态进程提供全面视角，并为优化其人工栽培技术提供新的研究线索。