Data_Sheet_1_Effect of different fertilization strategies on the yield, quality of Euryales Semen and soil microbial community.docx

IntroductionEuryales Semen, a medicinal herb widely utilized in Asia, faces a critical constraint in its production, primarily attributed to fertilizer utilization. Understanding the impact of different fertilization schemes on Euryales Semen (ES) planting and exploring the supporting mechanism are crucial for achieving high yield and sustainable development of the ES planting industry.
MethodsIn this study, a field plot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of ES using morphological characteristics and metabolomic changes. These treatments included a control group and three groups with different organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer ratios (3:7, 5:5, and 7:3). The results of this study revealed the mechanisms underlying the effect of the different treatments on the yield and quality of Euryales Semen. These insights were achieved through analyses of soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and soil microbial structure.
ResultsWe found that the quality and yield of ES were the best at a ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer of 7:3. The optimality of this treatment was reflected in the yield, soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, and soil enzyme activity of ES. This ratio also increased soil microbial diversity, resulting in an increase and decrease in Proteobacteria and Firmicutes abundances, respectively. In addition, linear discriminant analysis showed that Chloroflexi, Gammaproteobacteria, and Hypocreales-incertae-sedis were significantly enriched in the ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer of 7:3. Variance partitioning analysis showed that the soil properties, enzyme activities, and their interactions cumulatively can explain 90.80% of the differences in Euryales Semen yield and metabolome. In general, blending organic and chemical fertilizers at a 7:3 ratio can enhance soil fertility, boost Euryales Semen yield and quality, and bring forth conditions that are agriculturally beneficial to microbial (bacteria and fungi) dynamics.
DiscussionThis study initially revealed the scientific connotation of the effects of different fertilization patterns on the planting of Euryales Semen and laid a theoretical foundation for the study of green planting patterns of Euryales Semen with high quality and yield.

引言
芡实（Euryales Semen）是亚洲地区广泛应用的药用草本植物，其生产面临的关键制约因素主要源于肥料施用。明确不同施肥方案对芡实（Euryales Semen，以下简称ES）种植的影响并探究其调控机制，对实现芡实种植产业的高产与可持续发展至关重要。
材料与方法
本研究设置田间小区试验，通过形态特征与代谢组变化分析，评估4种不同施肥处理对芡实产量与品质的影响。试验设置对照组与3种不同有机肥与化肥配比处理组（3:7、5:5、7:3）。本研究通过分析土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性及土壤微生物群落结构，揭示了不同施肥处理对芡实产量与品质影响的潜在机制。
结果
研究发现，当有机肥与化肥配比为7:3时，芡实的品质与产量表现最优。该处理的优势体现在芡实产量、土壤有效氮、土壤有效磷及土壤酶活性上。该配比还可提升土壤微生物多样性，分别使变形菌门（Proteobacteria）与厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度升高与降低。此外，线性判别分析结果显示，绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）及肉座菌目地位未定类群（Hypocreales-incertae-sedis）在7:3配比处理组中显著富集。方差分解分析结果表明，土壤性质、酶活性及其交互作用累计可解释芡实产量与代谢组差异的90.80%。总体而言，有机肥与化肥按7:3配比施用可提升土壤肥力，提高芡实的产量与品质，并构建有利于微生物（细菌与真菌）群落动态的农田环境。
讨论
本研究首次阐明了不同施肥模式对芡实种植影响的科学内涵，为构建高产优质的芡实绿色种植模式研究奠定了理论基础。