Hurricane Maria's Most Mobile (MMM) landslides in nine study areas in the Lares, Naranjito and Utuado Municipalities, Puerto Rico

In 2017, Hurricane Maria triggered widespread landsliding in Puerto Rico. Published landslide inventories from Hurricane Maria (Bessette-Kirton and others, 2019; Baxstrom and others, 2021a, 2021b; Einbund and others, 2021a, 2021b) provided detailed mapping, including 2919 locations of headscarp points, travel distance lines, source areas, and landslide-affected areas (combined source and runout) in Lares, Naranjito and Utuado muncipalities. Landslide types included slumps, debris flows, rock falls, and other slope failures. We developed criteria to extract a subset of these published landslide-affected areas representative of Hurricane Maria’s most mobile (MMM) channelized debris flows. MMM were used for topographic characterization of channelized runout zones and assessment of predictive success of debris-flow inundation modeling (Brien and others, 2024). We selected MMM based on two characteristics (Brien and others, 2024): 1) >40% of the runout area within ~5 m of a channel network derived from a 1-m digital elevation model and 2) runout length >100 m.

This data release includes four shapefiles, divided by municipality and lithology, containing 124 unique landslide-affected areas:

NaranjitoMMM.shp – MMM from one study area in Naranjito municipality
LaresMMM.shp - MMM in from three study areas in Lares municipality
Utuado_sedsMMM.shp – MMM from one study area in Utuado municipality, sedimentary terrane
Utuado_intrusivesMMM.shp – MMM from four study areas in Utuado municipality, intrusive granodiorite terrane

References:
Baxstrom, K.W., Einbund, M.M., Schulz, W.H., 2021a, Map data from landslides triggered by Hurricane Maria in a section of Naranjito, Puerto Rico, U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GBGA4I.

Baxstrom, K.W., Einbund, M.M., Schulz, W.H., 2021b, Map data from landslides triggered by Hurricane Maria in the greater karst region of northwest Puerto Rico, U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YYU7W1.

Bessette-Kirton, E.K., Coe, J.A., Kelly, M.A., Cerovski-Darriau, C., Schulz, W.H., 2019, Map data from landslides triggered by Hurricane Maria in four study areas of Puerto Rico. U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OW4SLX.

Brien, D.L., Reid, M.E.,Cronkite-Ratcliff C., Perkins J.P., 2024 [in review], Topographic controls on landslide mobility: Modeling hurricane-induced landslide runout and debris-flow inundation in Puerto Rico, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-141.

Einbund, M.M., Baxstrom, K.W., Schulz, W.H., 2021a, Map data from landslides triggered by Hurricane Maria in three study areas in the Lares Municipality, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EASZZ7.

Einbund, M.M., Baxstrom, K.W., Schulz, W.H., 2021b, Map data from landslides triggered by Hurricane Maria in four study areas in the Utuado Municipality, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZNUR1P.

2017年，玛丽亚飓风（Hurricane Maria）在波多黎各引发了大范围滑坡灾害。已公开的玛丽亚飓风诱发滑坡编目（landslide inventories）数据（Bessette-Kirton等，2019；Baxstrom等，2021a、2021b；Einbund等，2021a、2021b）提供了高精度的滑坡制图成果，涵盖拉雷斯（Lares）、纳兰希托（Naranjito）及乌图阿多（Utuado）三个自治市内的2919处滑坡后壁点、运移迹线、滑坡源区以及滑坡影响区（结合源区与运移堆积区）的空间位置信息。本次涉及的滑坡类型包括滑移滑坡（slumps）、碎屑流（debris flows）、岩崩（rock falls）及其他斜坡破坏类型。本研究团队制定筛选标准，从上述公开滑坡影响数据中提取出能够代表玛丽亚飓风引发的最具运移性渠化碎屑流（most mobile channelized debris flows, MMM）的子集。该最具运移性碎屑流子集被用于渠化滑距堆积区的地形特征分析，以及碎屑流淹没模拟的预测效果评估（Brien等，2024）。本次筛选基于两项特征（Brien等，2024）：1）滑距堆积区内超过40%的区域与1米分辨率数字高程模型（digital elevation model, DEM）提取的河网间距小于约5米；2）滑距长度超过100米。

本次发布的数据集包含4个形状文件（shapefile），按自治市与岩性分类，共涵盖124处独立滑坡影响区：
1. NaranjitoMMM.shp：取自纳兰希托自治市1个研究区的最具运移性碎屑流数据
2. LaresMMM.shp：取自拉雷斯自治市3个研究区的最具运移性碎屑流数据
3. Utuado_sedsMMM.shp：取自乌图阿多自治市1个研究区的最具运移性碎屑流数据，对应沉积岩地体
4. Utuado_intrusivesMMM.shp：取自乌图阿多自治市4个研究区的最具运移性碎屑流数据，对应侵入型花岗闪长岩地体

参考文献：
Baxstrom K W, Einbund M M, Schulz W H. 2021a. 波多黎各纳兰希托片区飓风玛丽亚引发滑坡的制图数据[DB/OL]. 美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey）数据发布. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GBGA4I.
Baxstrom K W, Einbund M M, Schulz W H. 2021b. 波多黎各西北部喀斯特大区飓风玛丽亚引发滑坡的制图数据[DB/OL]. 美国地质调查局数据发布. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YYU7W1.
Bessette-Kirton E K, Coe J A, Kelly M A, Cerovski-Darriau C, Schulz W H. 2019. 波多黎各4个研究区飓风玛丽亚引发滑坡的制图数据[DB/OL]. 美国地质调查局数据发布. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OW4SLX.
Brien D L, Reid M E, Cronkite-Ratcliff C, Perkins J P. 2024 [已投稿待审]. 滑坡运移的地形控制：波多黎各飓风引发滑坡运移与碎屑流淹没模拟[J/OL]. 自然灾害与地球系统科学论丛（Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.）[预印本]. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-141.
Einbund M M, Baxstrom K W, Schulz W H. 2021a. 波多黎各拉雷斯自治市3个研究区飓风玛丽亚引发滑坡的制图数据[DB/OL]. 美国地质调查局数据发布. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EASZZ7.
Einbund M M, Baxstrom K W, Schulz W H. 2021b. 波多黎各乌图阿多自治市4个研究区飓风玛丽亚引发滑坡的制图数据[DB/OL]. 美国地质调查局数据发布. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZNUR1P.