Data_Sheet_1_Induced variations of ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenized cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. walp) plants.docx

Unique variants are desired in the development of genetically improved crops to meet farmer and market needs hence ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) was used to induce genetic variability in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata cv. Asontem). The main objective of this research was to characterize induced variations in EMS chemically mutagenized population of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp Var. Asontem) in the M1 and M2 generations. The optimum concentration (LD50) of EMS for generating the mutagenized population was determined by treating seeds with different concentrations of EMS (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% v/v) and observing the germination count after 5 days of planting the seeds in Petri dishes. Three thousand cowpea seeds were treated with the 0.4% EMS to generate the M1 and M2 populations that were evaluated for agronomic and morphological traits with untreated seeds serving as control. Data analysis involved distribution of qualitative and quantitative traits. Germination was significantly reduced in the mutagenized population (17.8%) and compared with that of the wild type (61.6%). Percentage survival was significantly higher in wild type (98.38%) as compared with the M1 population (78.46%). Percentage germination in the M2 population (74.03%) was lower than the wild type (80%). A wide spectrum of agro-morphological abnormalities was observed in the M2 population. Wide variations and uniquely different phenotypic classes were observed in leaf color, leaf shape, growth habit, plant pigmentation, twining tendency, pod curvature, seed shape, and seed coat color. M2 individuals were widely distributed for days to flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of locules per pods, percentage seed set, pod length and number of seeds per plant. In conclusion, the EMS mutagenesis was effective in inducing the unique variations that will be useful for breeding and development of new farmer preferred varieties.

为满足农户与市场需求，在遗传改良作物的研发进程中亟需获取独特变异体，因此本研究采用甲基磺酸乙酯（ethyl methane sulfonate, EMS）对豇豆（Vigna unguiculata cv. Asontem）进行遗传变异诱导。本研究的核心目标为，对M1与M2代经EMS诱变的豇豆（Vigna unguiculata L. Walp Var. Asontem）群体的诱导变异进行表型表征。为确定构建诱变群体所需的EMS最优浓度（半致死剂量，LD50），本研究设置不同体积分数（0.0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8% v/v）的EMS溶液处理豇豆种子，将种子播于培养皿（Petri dishes）中培养5天后统计发芽数。本研究使用0.4% EMS溶液处理3000粒豇豆种子，以此构建M1与M2诱变群体，并以未处理的种子作为对照，对其农艺性状与形态性状开展评估。数据分析涵盖质量性状与数量性状的分布统计分析。诱变群体的发芽率为17.8%，显著低于野生型对照的61.6%；野生型植株的存活率为98.38%，显著高于M1代群体的78.46%；M2代群体的发芽率为74.03%，亦低于野生型的80%。M2代群体中观测到广泛的农艺形态异常表型，在叶色、叶形、生长习性、植株色素沉着、缠绕习性、荚果弯曲度、种子形状及种皮颜色等性状上，均存在丰富的变异与独特的表型类别。M2代个体在开花天数、单株荚果数、单荚种子数、单荚室数、结实率、荚果长度及单株种子数等性状上呈现出广泛的分布差异。综上，EMS诱变可有效诱导产生独特的遗传变异，该变异可用于培育农户偏好的新型豇豆品种，为作物育种与品种研发提供有力支撑。