University of Michigan Biological Station cumulative food web data for terrestrial habitats

Here, we present species and interaction lists for a food web of the aboveground terrestrial habitats at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS). The site is composed predominantly of dry-mesic, northern hardwood forests with patches of wooded wetlands (hardwood conifer swamp). Taxa were sourced from lists provided by UMBS, from resident biologists’ personal observations, museum specimens, online databases, historical censuses, and BioBlitz events. Only those that could be resolved to species-level or were genera with < 20 species in the Nearctic were included. We also excluded species that do not have a significant lifestage or feeding behavior in aboveground terrestrial habitats. Our focal taxonomic groups include vascular plants, arthropods, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians. The majority of arthropods are insects; non-insect arthropods were highly underrepresented in our lists. Interactions were sourced from online databases, naturalist observations, and field guides and accumulated into a “metaweb” of all potential interactions between local species. Interactions were checked by experts to plausibly occur in the aboveground terrestrial environments at UMBS, given species’ phenology, traits, and habitat usage. Interactions at any taxonomic level were included, so long as they were approved to potentially occur between all species by our experts. To study the effect of taxonomic resolution on food web structure, in this dataset, we retained records at coarser taxonomic groupings even if more highly resolved records were also approved. We included all direct interactions among species in our system with a bioenergetic flow (i.e., one species consuming another), differentiated by their focal resource. We broadly categorized the resources as (1) animal tissues (live and scavenged), and (2-5) plant tissues, grouped into (2) leaves and stems, including grasses, exudates, etc., (3) flowers, nectar, pollen, etc., (4) seeds, fruits, elaiosomes, etc., and (5) wood and bark. In our dataset, these are referred to simply as “animals,” “leaves,” “flowers,” “seeds,” and “wood.” We included all consumption interactions in our system that use these resource types, regardless of their potential ecological effects. This includes carnivory, scavenging, parasitoidism, and parasitism of animals (resource type 1), grazing, browsing, and specialized strategies like leaf mining that are sometimes called parasitism (resource type 2), florivory including by animal pollinators (resource type 3), feeding on fruits, seeds, etc. including by seed dispersers and scatterhoarders (resource type 4), and feeding on woody plant tissues including strategies that are sometimes called parasitism (resource type 5). We did not include interactions which may have an effect – e.g., killing (competitively) or pollinating – without a feeding component.

在此，我们呈现密歇根大学生物站（UMBS）地上陆地生境食物网的物种及相互作用清单。该站点主要由干旱-中生型北方硬木林构成，间杂小片林地湿地（硬木针叶树沼泽）。分类单元（Taxa）的来源包括UMBS提供的清单、驻站生物学家的个人观察记录、博物馆标本、在线数据库、历史调查及生物闪电战（BioBlitz）活动。仅纳入可鉴定至物种水平的分类单元，或在北美区（Nearctic）物种数少于20种的属。此外，我们排除了在地上陆地生境中无显著生活史阶段或摄食行为的物种。

我们关注的分类群包括维管植物、节肢动物、鸟类、哺乳动物、爬行动物及两栖动物。节肢动物中以昆虫为主；非昆虫节肢动物在清单中的代表性严重不足。

相互作用的来源包括在线数据库、博物学家观察记录及野外指南，并被整合为本地物种间所有潜在相互作用的“元网络”（metaweb）。专家依据物种的物候学特征、性状及生境利用情况，筛选出可能在UMBS地上陆地环境中发生的相互作用。只要专家确认某一分类水平的相互作用可能发生于所有相关物种间，即纳入本数据集。为研究分类分辨率对食物网结构的影响，即使存在更高分辨率的记录，我们仍保留了较粗分类群水平的记录。

我们纳入了系统中物种间所有伴随生物能流的直接相互作用（即一个物种摄食另一个物种），并按其目标资源进行区分。我们将资源大致分为（1）动物组织（活体及腐食），以及（2-5）植物组织——细分为（2）叶与茎（含草本、分泌物等）、（3）花、花蜜、花粉等、（4）种子、果实、油质体（elaiosome）等，以及（5）木材与树皮。在本数据集中，这些资源简称为“动物”“叶”“花”“种子”及“木材”。

我们纳入了系统中所有利用上述资源类型的摄食相互作用，无论其潜在生态效应如何。这包括动物资源类型（1）的肉食性（carnivory）、腐食性、拟寄生性及寄生性；植物资源类型（2）的放牧、啃食及叶矿等有时被称为寄生的特殊策略；资源类型（3）的花食性（florivory）（含动物传粉者的摄食）；资源类型（4）的果实、种子等摄食（含种子传播者及分散贮藏者的摄食）；以及资源类型（5）的木本植物组织摄食（含有时被称为寄生的策略）。我们未纳入无摄食成分但可能产生效应的相互作用，例如竞争性杀死或传粉行为。