Biodegradation of Petroleum in Soils and Beach Sands at Davis Station, Antarctica

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 127See the link below for public details on this project.From the abstract of the referenced paper:The effect of nutrient and water enhancement on the biodegradation of petroleum was tested in Antarctic mineral soils. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied in solution, with or without gum xanthan or plastic covers, to sites artificially contaminated with distillate. The effectiveness of these procedures was assessed by measuring changes in total petroleum hydrocarbons; heptadecane/pristane and octadecane/phytane ratios; in concentrations of major hydrocarbon components and in microbial numbers and activity.Significantly lower hydrocarbon concentrations were recorded after one year in soils treated with fertiliser solutions, but only in the surface 3 cm. These soils also showed lowered heptadecane/pristane and octadecane/phytane ratios and had the highest levels of microbial activity relative to other plots. Soils treated with gum xanthan or covered with plastic had the highest residual hydrocarbon levels. Both treatments inhibted evaporative loss of hydrocarbon, and there were indications that gum xanthan was utilised by the microbiota as an alternative carbon source to distillate. Higher temperatures were recorded under the plastic but no stimulation of biodegradation was detected.Estimated numbers of metabolically active bacteria were in the range of 10^7 to 10^8 per gram dry weight of soil, with an estimated biomass of 0.03 to 0.26 milligrams per gram of soil. Estimated numbers of amoebae were in the range 10^6 to 10^7 per gram soil (biomass of 2 to 4 milligrams per gram). The highest populations were recorded in fertilised, contaminated soils, the only soils where petroleum degradation was demonstrated.

ASAC项目127数据的元数据记录

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引用论文的摘要如下：

在南极矿质土壤中，测试了营养物质和水分增强对石油生物降解的影响。向人工污染馏分油的场地施加含氮、磷、钾的溶液，添加或不添加黄原胶或塑料覆盖物。通过测量以下指标评估这些方法的有效性：总石油烃含量变化；十七烷/姥鲛烷和十八烷/植烷的比值；主要烃组分浓度变化；微生物数量及活性变化。

一年后，施用肥料溶液的土壤中烃浓度显著降低，但仅在表层3厘米范围内。与其他地块相比，这些土壤的十七烷/姥鲛烷和十八烷/植烷比值也有所降低，且微生物活性最高。添加黄原胶或覆盖塑料的土壤残留烃含量最高。两种处理均抑制了烃的蒸发损失，且有迹象表明黄原胶被微生物群用作馏分油之外的替代碳源。

代谢活性细菌的估计数量为每克土壤干重10^7至10^8个，生物量估计为每克土壤0.03至0.26毫克。变形虫的估计数量为每克土壤10^6至10^7个（生物量为每克2至4毫克）。最高的种群数量出现在施肥的污染土壤中，这是唯一显示石油降解的土壤类型。