Research Advances in Enzyme-Mimetic Catalytic Activity and Biomedical Applications of Bimetallic Nanozymes

Research on bimetallic nanozymes represents a significant evolution from monometallic to multicomponent synergistic systems in nanozyme development. By leveraging intermetallic electron coordination and geometric effects, bimetallic architectures demonstrate remarkable enhancements in both catalytic efficiency and reaction specificity compared to their monometallic counterparts. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in bimetallic nanozymes, with particular emphasis on the synergistic mechanisms governing their catalytic performance. At the fundamental level, we discuss how compositional engineering enables precise d-band center modulation, how nanoscale dimensions alter surface atomic coordination environments, and how morphological control through specific facet exposure and interface design improves substrate selectivity. These strategic approaches collectively empower bimetallic nanozymes to mimic various natural enzymes including peroxidases and oxidases, while enabling efficient multienzyme cascade reactions. In biomedical applications, these nanozymes exhibit exceptional capabilities: they produce reactive oxygen species to disrupt bacterial biofilms for anti-infective therapy, utilize tumor microenvironment characteristics for targeted catalytic therapy, and regulate redox homeostasis to promote wound healing. Through systematic analysis of the structure-activity relationships in component synergy, size effects, and morphology engineering, this review aims to elucidate the electronic structure modulation patterns and interface synergistic mechanisms in bimetallic nanozymes, thereby providing theoretical guidance for designing high-performance bimetallic nanozymes with enhanced efficiency, stability, and biocompatibility for biomedical applications including anti-infective therapy, cancer treatment, and tissue regeneration.

双金属纳米酶（bimetallic nanozyme）的研究，标志着纳米酶研发从单金属体系向多组分协同体系的重大演进。借助金属间电子配位与几何效应，双金属结构相较于单金属纳米酶（monometallic nanozyme）同类体系，在催化效率与反应特异性上均展现出显著提升。本综述全面梳理了双金属纳米酶的最新研究进展，重点探讨了调控其催化性能的协同机制。从基础机理层面而言，本综述探讨了组分工程如何实现精准的d带中心（d-band center）调控，纳米尺度如何改变表面原子配位环境，以及通过特定晶面暴露与界面设计实现的形貌调控如何提升底物选择性。这些策略性手段共同赋予双金属纳米酶模拟过氧化物酶、氧化酶等多种天然酶的能力，同时可实现高效的多酶级联反应。在生物医学应用中，这类纳米酶展现出卓越性能：可产生活性氧（reactive oxygen species）以破坏细菌生物被膜，用于抗感染治疗；可利用肿瘤微环境特征实施靶向催化治疗；还可调控氧化还原稳态以促进伤口愈合。本综述通过系统分析组分协同、尺寸效应与形貌调控中的构效关系，旨在阐明双金属纳米酶的电子结构调控规律与界面协同机制，从而为设计兼具高效性、稳定性与生物相容性的高性能双金属纳米酶提供理论指导，以应用于抗感染治疗、癌症治疗与组织再生等生物医学领域。