Potencial e Disponibilidade de Biomassa de Cana-de-açúcar na Região Centro-Sul do Brasil: indicadores agroindustriais

Abstract: The thermoelectric power, in particular, produced by sugarcane biomass, shows up as a sustainable alternative to promote energy security. Thus, the study aims to identify qualitatively and quantitatively the potential and availability of biomass from sugarcane, bagasse and straw for energy use in cogeneration operation and as raw material for cellulosic ethanol production in South-Center region. In order to do this, a data collection was conducted for the 2013/14 season with 77 sugarcane mills to develop agronomic indicators (measurement of bagasse and straw sugarcane supply), technological indicators (industry cogeneration potential) and market indicators (electricity prices and participation in different marketing environments). In general, agronomic indicators for a typical sugarcane mill in Brazil have medium crush of 3 million tons of sugarcane, 8.1% of plant impurity and 88% of mechanized harvesting. Technological indicators in Brazil showed that almost 60% of sampled boiler had a low vapor pressure technology (until 48 bar) and 69% of sampled turbogenerator were simple counter type. As for the market indicators, for energy exported mills, the share was 53% in the regulated market at an average price of 191.49 BRL/MWh.

摘要：以甘蔗生物质为原料的热电联产发电，是助力能源安全的可持续替代方案之一。据此，本研究旨在通过定性与定量分析，评估巴西南部-中部地区甘蔗、蔗渣与蔗秆生物质的产能潜力与可获得性，探讨其用于热电联产发电以及作为纤维素乙醇生产原料的可行性。为此，本研究针对2013/2014榨季的77家糖厂开展数据采集工作，用于构建农艺指标（蔗渣与蔗秆供应量测算）、技术指标（行业热电联产潜力）与市场指标（电价及不同营销场景下的市场参与度）。整体而言，巴西典型糖厂的农艺指标为：年均甘蔗压榨量300万吨，原料杂质率8.1%，机械化收获占比88%。巴西的技术指标数据显示，受访锅炉中近60%采用低压蒸汽技术（最高工作压力不超过48巴），受访汽轮发电机（turbogenerator）中69%为简单逆流式机组。市场指标方面，参与电力外销的糖厂中，53%的电量在受监管市场（regulated market）成交，成交均价为191.49巴西雷亚尔/兆瓦时（BRL/MWh）。