Descriptive summary of included studies.

Background
Previous systematic reviews evaluated the effect of hearing interventions on static and dynamic stability and found several positive effects of hearing interventions. Despite numerous reviews on hearing interventions and balance, the impact of cochlear implantation on gait and fall risk remains unclear.
Objective
This systematic review examines the effects of cochlear implantation on gait performance in adults with hearing loss.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The PEDro scale assessed the methodological quality, risk of bias, and study design of included articles.
Results
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Five focused solely on cochlear implantation, while two included both cochlear implants (CIs) and hearing aids. Methodological inconsistencies were evident in measurement approaches and follow-up durations, leading to variable outcomes. Short-term follow-up post-implantation showed no improvement or even worsened gait outcomes. However, a longer follow-up of three months post-implantation indicated partial improvements in specific gait measures like Tandem Walk speed, though not in comfortable walking speed. Cross-sectional studies comparing on-off CI conditions revealed no significant differences in gait outcomes.
Conclusions
Improvements in gait due to cochlear implantation require at least three months to manifest. The variability in study methodologies complicates understanding the full impact of cochlear implantation on gait. Given that only seven, methodologically inconsistent articles were found, it is necessary to conduct additional research to understand the relationship between hearing, gait and fall risk and to specifically include longer post-CI monitoring periods.

研究背景
既往系统综述已评估听觉干预对静态与动态平衡稳定性的影响，并证实听觉干预存在多项积极作用。尽管现有诸多针对听觉干预与平衡的综述，但人工耳蜗植入对步态及跌倒风险的影响仍不明确。

研究目的
本系统综述旨在探讨人工耳蜗植入对听力损失成人步态表现的影响。

研究方法
本研究遵循系统综述与荟萃分析优先报告条目（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, PRISMA）指南，在PubMed、Web of Science及Scopus数据库中开展全面文献检索。采用PEDro量表对纳入文献的方法学质量、偏倚风险及研究设计进行评价。

研究结果
共有7项研究符合纳入标准，其中5项仅聚焦人工耳蜗植入，另外2项同时纳入人工耳蜗（cochlear implants, CIs）与助听器。不同研究在测量方法与随访时长上存在明显的方法学异质性，导致研究结果存在差异。植入术后短期随访未观察到步态表现改善，甚至出现恶化；但术后随访时长达3个月的长期随访结果显示，部分步态指标（如串联行走（Tandem Walk）速度）出现一定程度改善，而舒适步行速度未见明显变化。对比人工耳蜗开机与关机状态的横断面研究显示，步态表现无显著差异。

研究结论
人工耳蜗植入对步态的改善作用至少需要3个月才能显现。研究方法的异质性使得明确人工耳蜗植入对步态的完整影响变得困难。鉴于目前仅纳入7项方法学存在异质性的研究，未来需开展更多相关研究以明确听力、步态与跌倒风险之间的关联，并应在研究中设置更长的人工耳蜗植入术后随访周期。