Eyespot peek-a-boo: Leaf rolls enhance the antipredator effect of insect eyespots

Animal color patterns are often accompanied by specific, synergistic behaviors to most effectively defend against visual predators. Given the inherent context-dependence of color perception, understanding how these color-behavior synergies function in a species’ natural environment is crucial.
For example, refuge-building species create a unique visual environment where most (or all) of the body is obscured unless closely inspected. How these built environments affect the perception of defensive color patterns by predators is not well understood.
Using artificial caterpillars that resemble a refuge-building species with conspicuous markings (Papilio troilus; Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), I tested the hypothesis that leaf rolls amplify the antipredator effect of this species’ eyespots. I compared wild avian predation rates on 659 artificial swallowtail-like caterpillars from four treatment groups: eyespotted and non-eyespotted, and presented in leaf rolls or on open leaves of live host pla..., This project includes 3 datasets:

LRpred.csv: data from an artificial prey field experiment using hand-painted clay caterpillars (2021).

Beyond treatment (color and roll vs no roll), this dataset also includes a considerable number of plant- and habitat-related variables.

LRspectra.csv: spectral measurements for live and artificial swallowtails and host plant (Sassafras) leaves.

Spectral data were collected with an Ocean Optics Flame Miniature (FLAME-S-UV-VIS-ES) spectrometer with Ocean Optics PX-2 Pulsed Xenon light source, calibrated with a 99% Labsphere reflectance standard at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.

LRsurvey.csv: data from surveys of naturally-occurring leaf rolls along transects at the same site as the field experiment (2022).

All data were originally collected in google spreadsheets and downloaded as CSVs. I then cleaned, organized, and analyzed the data in R. All corresponding R scripts are available in the repository.
The repository also contains su..., , # Eyespot peek-a-boo: Leaf rolls enhance the antipredator effect of insect eyespots

Dates of study:

* predation trials (07/03/2021-07/30/2021)
* leaf roll surveys (08/23/2022-08/27/2022)

Contributors: Elizabeth G. Postema

Data files:

```
LRpred.csv: a csv file containing data from the artificial prey field experiment.
LRspectra.csv: a csv file containing spectral measurements for live/artificial swallowtails and host plant leaves.
LRsurvey.csv: a csv file containing data from surveys of naturally-occurring leaf rolls.

LRpredation.html: full analysis of artificial prey field experiment in R.
LRspectra.html: visual modeling of live/artificial swallowtails and host plant leaves in R using package pavo.
LRsurvey.html: visualizing data from roll surveys in R.

JAE_2024_00285_supp_materials.docx: a word document with supplemental tables and figures associated with the manuscript.
```

Description of data columns (LRpred.csv):

```
id: unique identity of each plant used in the study.

t...

动物的色彩模式常伴随特定的协同行为，以最有效地抵御视觉捕食者。鉴于色彩感知固有的情境依赖性，理解这些色彩-行为协同机制在物种自然环境中的作用至关重要。

例如，筑庇护所物种会营造独特的视觉环境，其中大部分（或全部）身体会被遮蔽，除非被近距离观察。这些构建的环境如何影响捕食者对防御性色彩模式的感知尚不清楚。

使用类似具有显著斑纹的筑庇护所物种（北美蓝凤蝶Papilio troilus；鳞翅目：凤蝶科）的人工毛虫，我验证了卷叶会增强该物种眼斑反捕食效应的假设。我比较了野生鸟类对4组共659只类似凤蝶的人工毛虫的捕食率：有眼斑与无眼斑，以及置于卷叶或活寄主植物的开放叶片上...

# 眼斑躲猫猫：卷叶增强昆虫眼斑的反捕食效应

研究日期：
* 捕食实验（2021年7月3日-2021年7月30日）
* 卷叶调查（2022年8月23日-2022年8月27日）

贡献者：Elizabeth G. Postema

数据文件：

LRpred.csv: 包含人工猎物野外实验数据的CSV文件。
LRspectra.csv: 包含活体及人工凤蝶与寄主植物（黄樟Sassafras）叶片光谱测量数据的CSV文件。
LRsurvey.csv: 包含2022年在野外实验同一地点沿样线调查自然发生卷叶数据的CSV文件。

LRpredation.html: 人工猎物野外实验的完整R分析结果。
LRspectra.html: 使用pavo包在R中对活体/人工凤蝶及寄主植物叶片进行视觉建模的结果。
LRsurvey.html: 在R中可视化卷叶调查数据的结果。

JAE_2024_00285_supp_materials.docx: 包含与手稿相关的补充表格和图的Word文档。

LRpred.csv数据列描述：

id：研究中使用的每株植物的唯一标识。
t...