Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with description of a new species from montane california

Hypochilus is an ancient genus of spider located near the root of Araneomorphs of the spider tree of life. This relictual lineage of Nearctic species is geographically disjunct across the United states in three biogeographic clades (California, Rocky Mountains, and Southern Appalachia), and in fact the family Hypochilidae shows a classic disjunct Holarctic distribution often found in dispersal challenged terrestrial fauna. Generic resolution of Hypochilus has been elusive with different data types presenting conflicting topologies. Furthermore, conserved morphology coupled with extreme genetic divergence and paraphyletic topologies and the species level has led to the suspicion of cryptic species within the genus. Using Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs), we have reconstructed the generic phylogeny and inter-species relationships for Hypochilus, as well as discovered cryptic species (herein described) within the California biogeographic clade.

花洞蛛属（Hypochilus）是一类古老的蜘蛛类群，处于蜘蛛生命之树中新蛛类（Araneomorphs）的基部附近。该新北区物种的孑遗支系在地理上间断分布于美国境内的三个生物地理分支（加利福尼亚、落基山脉和阿巴拉契亚南部）；事实上，花洞蛛科（Hypochilidae）呈现出典型的全北区间断分布格局，这类分布模式常见于扩散能力受限的陆生动物类群中。花洞蛛属的属级分类界定一直难以厘清，不同的数据类型所得到的系统发育拓扑结构存在冲突。此外，该类群形态保守，同时伴随极高的遗传分化，且物种级别的系统发育拓扑呈现并系结构，这使得学界怀疑该属内存在隐存种。本研究利用超保守元件（Ultraconserved Elements, UCEs）重建了花洞蛛属的属级系统发育关系及物种种间亲缘关系，并在加利福尼亚生物地理分支内发现了隐存种（本文将予以描述）。