Accumulating time lags across biodiversity levels following land-use change

Delayed biodiversity responses to environmental changes occur from genes over communities to ecosystem functions. Despite growing insights into the mechanisms governing both the magnitude and time lags of biodiversity responses at individual levels of biodiversity, how interactions among levels of biodiversity affect ecosystem-wide inertia in response to an environmental forcing event remains a largely unanswered question.
As several sources causing time lags interact within and across multiple biodiversity levels, we hypothesize these mechanisms control how time lags at one biodiversity level may cascade into increasingly extended lags at higher biodiversity levels.
We analysed empirical data on genetic diversity, species distributions, community diversity, and functional diversity in semi-natural grassland patches for the existence and length of lagged responses across biodiversity levels in response to 165 years of land-use change.
Time lags were present at all tested biodiversity le..., , # Data from: Accumulating time lags across biodiversity levels following land-use change

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.2280gb65p](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2280gb65p)

## Description of the data and file structure

Across 27 islands of the Stockholm archipelago (Sweden), we studied species and functional (trait) diversity of 138 grassland plant communities and genetic diversity (based on 10 microsatellite markers) of 36 populations of the grassland perennial *Campanula rotundifolia*, in response to 165 of landscape change, with changes in open habitat cover quantified at four points in time, 1850, 1900, 1950 and 2015.

### Files and variables

#### File: Dataset_S1_-_Landscape_characteristics.xlsx

**Description:** Descriptive data, historical and contemporary habitat area [m^2^] and nearest neighbor distance [m], extracted and calculated from digitized land cover maps for 1850, 1901, 1950, and 2015 for each of the 138 plant relevés executed in the Stockholm archipelago, Sweden. Data...,

生物多样性对环境变化的滞后响应广泛存在于从基因、群落到生态系统功能的各个层级。尽管目前学界对调控生物多样性各层级响应强度与时间滞后的机制已有愈发深入的认识，但生物多样性不同层级间的相互作用如何影响生态系统响应环境扰动事件时的整体惯性，仍是一个尚未得到充分解答的核心问题。
由于多种引发时间滞后的因素在多个生物多样性层级内部及跨层级间相互作用，我们提出如下假说：这些机制决定了某一生物多样性层级的时间滞后如何级联放大，最终在更高层级的生物多样性中引发更长的滞后时长。
本研究针对半天然草地斑块中的遗传多样性、物种分布、群落多样性与功能多样性展开实证分析，旨在探究165年土地利用变化驱动下，生物多样性各层级滞后响应的存在性与时长。
本研究在所有被测的生物多样性层级中均观测到了时间滞后现象…… # 数据来源：土地利用变化后生物多样性层级间的累积时间滞后
数据集DOI：[10.5061/dryad.2280gb65p](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2280gb65p)

## 数据与文件结构说明
在瑞典斯德哥尔摩群岛的27个岛屿中，本研究针对138个草地植物群落的物种与功能（性状）多样性，以及36个草地多年生植物圆叶风铃草（*Campanula rotundifolia*）种群的遗传多样性（基于10个微卫星标记）展开研究，以响应165年的景观变化；研究量化了1850年、1900年、1950年与2015年四个时间节点的开阔生境覆盖度变化。

### 文件与变量
#### 文件：Dataset_S1_-_Landscape_characteristics.xlsx
**说明：** 该文件包含描述性数据，即从瑞典斯德哥尔摩群岛138个植物样方的数字化土地覆盖图中提取并计算得到的1850年、1901年、1950年及2015年的历史与当代生境面积（单位：平方米）及最近邻体距离（单位：米）。数据……