Echoes from the Minkowski-core spacetime

In this study, we construct a class of horizonless exotic compact objects (ECOs) with Minkowski-core, classifying them as either photon-sphere ECOs (PS-ECOs) or photon-sphere lacking ECOs (PL-ECOs) based on photon sphere topology. Time-domain analysis reveals that the dynamical evolution can be divided into three phases: the initial ringdown, the echo phase, and the final ringdown. The echo signals exhibit the periodic damping, with quantum effects significantly accelerating the echo dissipation and prompting an earlier transition to the long-lived mode-dominated phase. Furthermore, the quasi-normal mode (QNM) spectrum of the PS-ECO exhibits fundamentally different behavior from that of BHsincluding the presence of long-lived modes and the absence of overtone outburstsproviding a clear spectroscopic signature distinguishing PS-ECOs from BHs. This work is significant in providing new theoretical foundations and waveform features for identifying such quantum-corrected ECOs, contributing critically to the understanding of quantum gravity effects.

本研究构建了一类带有闵可夫斯基核（Minkowski-core）的无视界奇异致密天体（ECOs），并依据光子球拓扑结构将其划分为光子球奇异致密天体（PS-ECOs）与无光子球奇异致密天体（PL-ECOs）两类。时域分析显示，该类天体的动力学演化可分为三个阶段：初始振荡衰减阶段、回波阶段与最终振荡衰减阶段。回波信号呈现周期性阻尼特性，量子效应可显著加速回波耗散，并推动系统更早进入长寿命模式主导阶段。进一步地，光子球奇异致密天体的准正则模（QNM）谱展现出与黑洞（BHs）截然不同的行为——包括长寿命模式的存在与泛音爆发的缺失——这为区分光子球奇异致密天体与黑洞提供了明确的光谱特征。本研究为识别这类经量子修正的奇异致密天体提供了全新的理论基础与波形特征，对理解量子引力效应具有关键意义。