DataSheet_6_Sexual size dimorphism in golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii): Potential roles of changes in energy allocation and differences in muscle metabolism.xlsx

Golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is becoming increasingly popular and produces high yields, but the growth differences between males and females are a concern. In this study, the differences between the growth of males and females were compared, and the transcriptome analysis of muscle tissues was performed. A significant difference between the growth of males and females was observed; females were found to be 17% larger than males after reaching 7 months of age. Gonadal histological analysis revealed that the ovaries were arrested in 7- to 9-month-old golden pompano, whereas the testes continued to develop. The AMPK and adipocytokine signaling pathways were also found to be involved in the regulation of muscle growth and metabolism. After reaching 7 months of age, the expression levels of glut1, glut4, ldh, gys, acsl and cpt2 in the muscle of females were lower than those in males, but the hk gene, which is involved in glycolysis, was found to remain highly expressed in females. Additionally, in females, the synthesis of arginine and ornithine and the production of carnosine were found to be inhibited, but the breakdown of glutamine was found to be enhanced and OXPHOS ability was found to be stronger in females after reaching 7 months of age. These results support a certain negative correlation between gonadal development and muscle metabolism depending on differences in energy distribution. Clearly, the faster growth in females after reaching 7 months of age was found to be associated with the more active metabolism of glucose, and amino acids, as well as stronger oxidative phosphorylation levels.

卵形鲳鲹（Trachinotus blochii）因兼具较高的市场认可度与养殖产量，但其雌雄个体间的生长差异始终是产业关注的焦点问题。本研究对比了雌雄个体的生长差异，并对肌肉组织开展转录组分析。结果显示，雌雄生长差异显著：7月龄后雌性个体体型较雄性大17%。性腺组织学分析表明，7至9月龄的卵形鲳鲹卵巢发育停滞，而精巢仍持续发育。研究还发现腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）与脂肪细胞因子信号通路参与调控肌肉生长与代谢过程。7月龄后，雌性肌肉组织中glut1、glut4、ldh、gys、acsl及cpt2的表达水平均低于雄性，但参与糖酵解过程的hk基因在雌性体内仍保持高表达。此外，7月龄后雌性体内精氨酸与鸟氨酸的合成、肌肽的生成均受到抑制，但谷氨酰胺的分解代谢增强，且氧化磷酸化（OXPHOS）能力显著提升。上述结果表明，性腺发育与肌肉代谢间存在一定负相关关系，这一关联源于能量分配的差异。综上，7月龄后雌性个体生长更快，这与其葡萄糖与氨基酸代谢更为活跃、氧化磷酸化水平更高密切相关。