All included sources, with descriptions.

During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Methods Sub-Group of the WHO COVID-19 Social Science Research Roadmap Working Group conducted a rapid evidence review of rapid qualitative methods (RQMs) used during epidemics. The rapid review objectives were to (1) synthesize the development, implementation, and uses of RQMs, including the data collection tools, research questions, research capacities, analytical approaches, and strategies used to speed up data collection and analysis in their specific epidemic and institutional contexts; and (2) propose a tool for assessing and reporting RQMs in epidemics emergencies. The rapid review covered published RQMs used in articles and unpublished reports produced between 2015 and 2021 in five languages (English, Mandarin, French, Portuguese, and Spanish). We searched multiple databases in these five languages between December 2020 and January 31, 2021. Sources employing “rapid” (under 6 months from conception to reporting of results) qualitative methods for research related to epidemic emergencies were included. We included 126 published and unpublished sources, which were reviewed, coded, and classified by the research team. Intercoder reliability was found to be acceptable (Krippendorff’s α = 0.709). We employed thematic analysis to identify categories characterizing RQMs in epidemic emergencies. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (no. CRD42020223283) and Research Registry (no. reviewregistry1044). We developed an assessment and reporting tool of 13 criteria in three domains, to document RQMs used in response to epidemic emergencies. These include I. Design and Development (i. time frame, ii. Training, iii. Applicability to other populations, iv. Applicability to low resource settings, v. community engagement, vi. Available resources, vii. Ethical approvals, viii. Vulnerability, ix. Tool selection); II. Data Collection and Analysis (x. concurrent data collection and analysis, xi. Targeted populations and recruitment procedures); III. Restitution and Dissemination (xii. Restitution and dissemination of findings, xiii. Impact). Our rapid review and evaluation found a wide range of feasible and highly effective tools, analytical approaches and timely operational insights and recommendations during epidemic emergencies.

在新冠疫情（COVID-19 pandemic）暴发的第一年，世界卫生组织（WHO）新冠社会科学研究路线图工作组方法学小组对疫情期间应用的快速质性研究方法（rapid qualitative methods, RQMs）开展了快速证据综述。本次快速综述的目标为：（1）综合梳理快速质性研究方法的开发、实施与应用场景，包括在特定疫情与机构语境下用于加速数据收集与分析的数据收集工具、研究问题、研究能力、分析方法及相关策略；（2）提出一套可用于评估与报告疫情应急场景下快速质性研究方法的工具。本次快速综述纳入了2015年至2021年间发表于期刊文章及未发布报告中的、以英语、普通话、法语、葡萄牙语及西班牙语五种语言撰写的快速质性研究方法相关文献。2020年12月至2021年1月31日期间，研究团队针对上述五种语言的多个数据库开展了文献检索。纳入标准为：研究采用“快速”质性研究方法（即从研究构思到成果报告的周期不超过6个月）且聚焦疫情应急相关研究的文献。本次综述共纳入126篇已发表及未发表文献，由研究团队完成文献审阅、编码与分类。经检验，编码者间信度处于可接受范围（克里彭多夫α系数=0.709）。研究团队采用主题分析法，提炼出疫情应急场景下快速质性研究方法的特征类别。本次综述的研究方案已在PROSPERO（编号：CRD42020223283）及Research Registry（编号：reviewregistry1044）完成注册。研究团队开发了一套涵盖3个领域、共13项标准的评估与报告工具，用于记录疫情应急响应中应用的快速质性研究方法。该工具包含以下三个部分：I. 设计与开发：（i）时间框架、（ii）培训、（iii）跨人群适用性、（iv）低资源场景适用性、（v）社区参与、（vi）可用资源、（vii）伦理审查批准、（viii）脆弱性考量、（ix）工具选择；II. 数据收集与分析：（x）同步数据收集与分析、（xi）目标人群与招募流程；III. 成果返还与传播：（xii）研究成果返还与传播、（xiii）研究影响。本次快速综述与评估发现，疫情应急场景下存在大量可行且高效的研究工具、分析方法，以及及时的实操洞见与建议。