Chickpea Proteome Analysis Reveals Genotype-Dependent Variations Associated with Seed Traits

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most widely grown legume crop after soybean. Here, we measured the macronutrients and performed proteome profiling of eight chickpea cultivars using two complementary protein extraction solvents. The total protein, starch, and soluble sugar contents significantly differ between cultivars, and we quantified 2434 and 1809 proteins, respectively, from urea- and water-based extraction solvents using a data-independent acquisition approach. The proteome-level differences can vary from 9–25% for the urea-extracted proteins, and the storage protein abundances significantly differed between the cultivars, where legumin content was detected as the highest, followed by vicilin and albumin. Fifty common allergens were detected from two extraction solvents, primarily overrepresented in chromosomes 3, 4, and 5. Integrated analysis revealed distinct subclusters of proteins and their associated pathways for total protein, lipids, and starch content. Overall, we established chickpea pan-proteome resources and provided insights into the key pathways that define the genotypes.

鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.）是仅次于大豆的全球第二大广泛种植的豆科作物。本研究针对8个鹰嘴豆栽培品种，采用两种互补的蛋白质提取溶剂，对其宏量营养成分进行了测定并开展蛋白质组分析。不同栽培品种间的总蛋白、淀粉与可溶性糖含量存在显著差异；本研究采用数据非依赖性采集（data-independent acquisition, DIA）技术，分别从尿素基和水基提取溶剂中定量到2434和1809种蛋白质。尿素提取蛋白质的组学水平差异幅度为9%~25%；不同栽培品种的贮藏蛋白丰度存在显著差异，其中球蛋白（legumin）含量最高，其次是伴球蛋白（vicilin）和清蛋白（albumin）。从两种提取溶剂中共检测到50种常见过敏原，这些过敏原主要富集于3号、4号和5号染色体。整合分析结果显示，与总蛋白、脂质及淀粉含量相关的蛋白质及其调控通路可划分为不同的亚簇。综上，本研究构建了鹰嘴豆泛蛋白质组（pan-proteome）资源库，并为解析决定栽培品种基因型的关键通路提供了新见解。