Data of the review and meta-analysis.

IntroductionMost neonates experience transient hypoglycemia, which typically responds well to treatment and is associated with a favorable prognosis. However, hypoglycemia persisting beyond 48 hours, termed prolonged transitional Neonatal hypoglycemia (PTNHG), can result in abrupt neuronal injury and long-term neurodevelopmental impairments. Identifying its prevalence and associated risk factors is critical to inform clinical practices and improve neonatal outcomes.MethodsA weighted inverse-variance random-effects model was employed for the analysis. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using a forest plot, I2 statistics, and Egger’s test. Data extraction was conducted from May 20 to May 27, 2023, for studies published since 2020. A random blood sugar (RBS) concentration of ResultsThe pooled prevalence of PTNHG was 19.71% (95% CI: 16.85–22.56) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 79.20%, P 400 and ≤400, at 18% (95% CI: 15–22) and 21% (95% CI: 17–26), respectively. Similarly, prevalence estimates were comparable when using RBS thresholds of ConclusionsNearly one-fifth of hospitalized neonates experienced PTNHG. Fortunately, most of the associated risk factors were modifiable. Prioritizing early breastfeeding initiation, particularly in cesarean section deliveries and IDM cases, and integrating PTNHG management into national NICU guidelines could significantly reduce the burden of neonatal hypoglycemia.Trial registrationProspero ID: CRD42023424953. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023424953.

引言
绝大多数新生儿均会出现一过性低血糖，此类病症通常对治疗反应良好，且预后佳。然而，持续时长超过48小时的低血糖被称为持续性过渡性新生儿低血糖（prolonged transitional Neonatal hypoglycemia, PTNHG），可引发突发性神经元损伤及长期神经发育障碍。明确该病症的患病率及其相关危险因素，对于指导临床实践、改善新生儿结局至关重要。

方法
本研究采用加权逆方差随机效应模型开展分析。通过森林图、I²统计量及Egger检验评估研究间异质性。数据提取工作于2023年5月20日至5月27日完成，纳入2020年以来发表的相关研究。

结果
本研究合并后的持续性过渡性新生儿低血糖患病率为19.71%（95%置信区间：16.85~22.56），研究间存在显著异质性（I²=79.20%，P值原文缺失）。以随机血糖（random blood sugar, RBS）浓度阈值原文缺失为标准时，患病率分别为18%（95%置信区间：15~22）和21%（95%置信区间：17~26）。采用其他随机血糖阈值时得到的患病率估计值同样具有可比性。

结论
近五分之一的住院新生儿罹患持续性过渡性新生儿低血糖。所幸的是，多数相关危险因素为可干预因素。优先尽早启动母乳喂养（尤其针对剖宫产分娩及糖尿病母亲婴儿（Infants of Diabetic Mothers, IDM）群体），并将持续性过渡性新生儿低血糖管理方案纳入国家级新生儿重症监护病房（Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, NICU）指南，可显著降低新生儿低血糖的疾病负担。

试验注册
Prospero注册号：CRD42023424953，网址：https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023424953。