Data_Sheet_1_Impact of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-γ, α and fibroblast growth factor-21 serum levels in patients with various presentation of metabolic conditions: a GRADE assessed systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of clinical trials.docx

There is some debate about the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the regulation of adipose tissue related genes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ) and serum fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) levels in adults with different presentation of metabolic conditions. To identify eligible studies, a systematic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library of clinical trials, Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to April 2022. Eligibility criteria included a clinical trial design, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in adults, and reporting of at least one of the study outcomes. Effect sizes were synthesized using either fixed or random methods based on the level of heterogeneity. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation significantly increased the PPAR-γ (10 studies) and PPAR-α (2 studies) gene expression compared to the control group (WMD: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.35; p < 0.001 and 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.13; p < 0.001, respectively). Serum FGF-21 (8 studies) levels exhibited no significant change following omega-3 fatty acids supplementation (p = 0.542). However, a dose–response relationship emerged between the dose of omega-3 fatty acids and both PPAR-γ gene expression and serum FGF-21 levels. Overall, this study suggests that omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may have positive effects on the regulation of adipose tissue related genes in patients with various presentation of metabolic condition. Further research is needed to validate these findings and ascertain the effectiveness of this supplementation approach in this population.
Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?, CRD42022338344.

关于ω-3脂肪酸对脂肪组织相关基因调控的影响，学界尚存争议。本项系统评价与荟萃分析旨在评估ω-3脂肪酸补充干预对不同代谢状态成年人群过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, PPAR-α与PPAR-γ）基因表达，以及血清成纤维细胞生长因子-21（fibroblast growth factor-21, FGF-21）水平的影响。为筛选符合纳入标准的研究，本研究于2022年4月前，在考克兰临床对照试验库（Cochrane Library of clinical trials）、Medline、Scopus、ISI Web of Science及Google Scholar中开展系统性文献检索。纳入标准包括：采用临床试验设计、针对成年人群实施ω-3脂肪酸补充干预、至少报告一项研究结局指标。根据异质性水平，采用固定效应模型或随机效应模型合并效应量。最终共有15项研究符合纳入标准。与对照组相比，ω-3脂肪酸补充干预可显著提升PPAR-γ（纳入10项研究）与PPAR-α（纳入2项研究）的基因表达水平（加权均数差（weighted mean difference, WMD）: 0.24；95%置信区间（confidence interval, CI）: 0.12, 0.35；p < 0.001；以及WMD: 0.09；95%CI: 0.04, 0.13；p < 0.001）。针对血清FGF-21水平（纳入8项研究），ω-3脂肪酸补充干预未带来显著变化（p = 0.542）。不过，ω-3脂肪酸的补充剂量与PPAR-γ基因表达及血清FGF-21水平之间均呈现剂量-反应关系。总体而言，本研究表明，ω-3脂肪酸补充干预或可对不同代谢状态成年人群的脂肪组织相关基因调控产生积极影响。未来仍需开展进一步研究以验证本研究结论，并明确该补充干预在该人群中的实际效果。本系统评价已注册：https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?，注册号CRD42022338344。