富含碳氢化合物的国家的清洁氢机会

氢可以在帮助难以减排的行业实现气候目标方面发挥重要作用。拥有碳氢化合物资源和行业专业知识的国家可以帮助建立和扩展所需的技术。随着全球气候变化辩论扩大了将全球变暖限制在1.5摄氏度以内的呼声，行业领导者承受着压力。富含碳氢化合物的国家(HRC)可以利用其碳氢化合物资源、地理位置、获得丰富的可再生能源（在某些情况下）以及高度发达的基础设施来开发和出口清洁氢（定义为氢），从而将这一挑战转化为机遇以极低或零碳排放量生产，及其衍生物，包括清洁燃料。分享边栏关于作者预计清洁氢将在重工业和长途运输等通常难以减少的行业脱碳中发挥关键作用。然而，必须解决重大挑战。氢价值链既复杂又资本密集，许多细分市场尚未以同样的速度发展，跟上不断发展的技术和法规可能会让人望而生畏。许多最近的出版物表明围绕这个主题的关注度越来越高。我们的分析基于当前的价值链趋势，以说明HRC的主要参与者如何利用其优势地位和深厚的行业经验成为清洁氢的领导者。这样做需要确定关键的价值来源并在价值链中选择正确的角色。根据麦肯锡研究，到2050年，氢气总需求量可达到600至6.6亿吨，减少全球排放量的20%以上。也就是说，实现这个机会需要所有相关利益相关者齐心协力开发清洁氢价值链——通常是跨地域的。那些在这些领域采取果断行动的企业将处于独特的位置，可以创造新的价值来源，并在未来的全球能源市场中发挥主导作用。

Hydrogen can play a critical role in helping hard-to-abate industries achieve their climate goals. Countries with hydrocarbon resources and industrial expertise can help build and scale the necessary technologies. As global climate change debates amplify calls to limit global warming to 1.5°C, industry leaders face mounting pressure. Hydrocarbon-rich countries (HRCs) can turn this challenge into an opportunity by leveraging their hydrocarbon reserves, geographic positioning, access to abundant renewable energy sources (in some cases), and highly developed infrastructure to develop and export clean hydrogen—defined as hydrogen and its derivatives, including clean fuels, produced with extremely low or zero carbon emissions. As noted in the accompanying sidebar, the authors project that clean hydrogen will play a pivotal role in decarbonizing typically hard-to-abate industries such as heavy manufacturing and long-haul transportation. However, significant challenges must be addressed. The hydrogen value chain is both complex and capital-intensive, with many segments yet to develop at an equal pace; keeping up with evolving technologies and regulations can be daunting. A growing body of recent publications highlights the increasing attention surrounding this topic. Our analysis draws on current value chain trends to illustrate how leading players in HRCs can leverage their advantageous positions and deep industry expertise to emerge as leaders in clean hydrogen. Doing so requires identifying key value drivers and selecting the right roles within the value chain. According to McKinsey research, global hydrogen demand could reach 600 to 660 million tonnes by 2050, reducing global emissions by more than 20%. That said, seizing this opportunity requires all relevant stakeholders to work in tandem to develop the clean hydrogen value chain, often across geographies. Enterprises that take decisive action in these areas will be uniquely positioned to create new value streams and assume leading roles in the future global energy market.