The diffusion of technologies in the agricultural environment in the Caatinga – a region with a semi-arid climate in Brazil

Abstract The use of technologies directly influences agribusiness productivity, being crucial for economically viable production in environments with adverse climate conditions, such as the Brazilian semiarid region. Thus, this article analyzes, through a systematic review, the technologies used in the agricultural environment in the Brazilian semiarid climate region, the Caatinga biome. The results initially present technologies for coexistence with the semiarid region or social techniques, with emphasis on methods of soil management, use of rainwater, and preparation of animal feed. About the technologies themselves, the evidence converges to the technological use directed to the viability of production, diversification, and harvest time, mainly for irrigated crops. Furthermore, genetic improvement also contributed to the propagation of resistant crops and the increase in the population of animals. At the same time, it was possible to identify the technological level of agricultural activity in the Caatinga, which, in most of the biome, has low use of technologies, characterized by subsistence activites, family labor, and monoculture, on the other hand, in local centers agricultural systems, there is the use of integrated systems and biologically-based agriculture.

摘要 技术应用直接影响农业综合经营的生产效率，对于巴西半干旱地区等气候恶劣环境下实现经济可行的农业生产至关重要。据此，本文通过系统综述的方法，对巴西半干旱气候区——卡廷加（Caatinga）生物群落内农业生产场景中应用的各类技术展开分析。研究结果首先梳理了适配半干旱地区的共存技术与社会型技术，重点涵盖土壤管理、雨水利用以及动物饲料制备等方法。就技术本身而言，现有研究证据均表明，当前技术应用以提升生产可行性、推动产业多元化以及优化收获时机为核心目标，且主要应用于灌溉作物种植场景。此外，遗传改良技术也助力了抗性作物的推广繁育，并推动了畜禽种群规模的增长。与此同时，本研究明确了卡廷加生物群落内农业生产的技术应用水平：该生物群落大部分区域的技术应用程度较低，以自给自足型生产、家庭劳动力经营以及单一种植为典型特征；而在地方农业核心区域，则采用了集成化农业系统与基于生物原理的生态种植模式。