Replication Data for: "In Search of Politically Feasible Policy-Packages for Sustainable Passenger Transport: Insights from Choice Experiments in China, Germany, and the USA"

The main obstacle to making the transportation sector ecologically more sustainable is political fea-sibility. Effective policy-interventions usually encounter strong public opposition as they interfere in costly ways with people’s daily lives, unveiling a dilemma between political feasibility and environ-mental policy effectiveness. Evidencing the existence of this dilemma, the literature on attitudes towards different policy instrument types maintains that so-called push measures are less support-ed by citizens than pull measures, and that market-based instruments tend to be less supported than non-market instruments. While these findings may uphold when considering single policy in-struments, whether they continue to do so when considering policy-packages, that is, simultane-ously implemented policy-interventions consisting of several policy instruments, remains unclear. To identify politically feasible and effective policy-packages aimed at greening the transportation sector we use choice experiments with representative samples of citizens from China, Germany, and the USA (N=4’876). Contrary to existing literature, we find that public support does not neces-sarily depend on the instrument type but rather on specific policy design and is highly context de-pendent. Moreover, despite significant differences between the three country contexts consid-ered, various combinations of policy measures appear to be both potentially effective and sup-ported by most citizens. Altogether, these results suggest that carefully bundled policy-packages may allow governments to employ instruments that would not be politically feasible if introduced in isolation.

推动交通运输领域生态可持续性提升的核心阻碍在于政治可行性。有效的政策干预往往会遭遇强烈的公众反对，因其会以高成本的方式介入民众日常生活，由此暴露出政治可行性与环境政策效力之间的两难困局。有关不同政策工具类型态度的相关研究证实了这一两难困境的存在：所谓强制型措施（push measures）相较于激励型措施（pull measures）更难获得民众支持，而市场型工具（market-based instruments）相较于非市场型工具（non-market instruments）往往更不受民众待见。尽管针对单一政策工具的研究能够印证上述结论，但当考察由多种政策工具组合而成、同步实施的政策组合（policy packages）时，这一结论是否依然成立尚不明确。为识别出兼具政治可行性与实施效力、旨在推动交通运输领域绿色转型的政策组合，本研究针对中国、德国与美国的代表性民众样本开展了选择实验（choice experiments），总样本量为4876份。与现有研究结论相悖的是，本研究发现，民众的政策支持度未必取决于政策工具类型，而是取决于具体的政策设计，且高度依赖于特定情境。此外，尽管所考察的三个国家的情境存在显著差异，但多种政策措施组合似乎既具备潜在实施效力，又能获得多数民众的支持。综合来看，上述研究结果表明，经过精心设计的政策组合，能够让政府采用那些单独推出时不具备政治可行性的政策工具。