water capacity of burned wood

Species of deciduous and coniferous trees that naturally occur in temperate climates were selected for the study. The research concerned: European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L. .), Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn), European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), English Oak (Quercus robur L.) and Small-leaved Linden (Tilia cordata Mill.). The first stage of wood decomposition was analyzed. Water capacity (WS) and water absorption were determined for the sample before burning (unburn, Type N) in the fresh state (condition 1) and in the dry state, i.e. after drying at 105˚C (condition 2) and after burning (burn, Type B) in the fresh state (condition 1) and dry (condition 2). Combustion was simulated in laboratory conditions similar to those used in previous studies (Kupka et al. 2022). The fire simulation was carried out using a propane-butane blowing lamp [Topex 19/G604], with an average combustion temperature of 1,700 degrees Celsius given by the manufacturer. The amount of water storage capacity (WS) on the side surface of dead wood logs was measured based on a series of measurements during which rainfall was simulated. Analyzes of the water absorption (N) of dead wood and dead wood after fire simulation began by weighing all samples before the experiment (weight after 0 hours of N0) and then immersing them in cylinders filled with distilled water. The soaked samples were weighed after 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours. (N4; N8, …, N96). The methodology was modeled on Klamerus-Iwan et al. (2018).

本研究选取温带自然分布的落叶与针叶树种作为研究对象，涉及的树种包括：欧洲落叶松（Larix decidua Mill.）、欧洲银冷杉（Abies alba Mill.）、挪威云杉（Picea abies (L.) H.Karst）、欧洲赤松（Pinus sylvestris L.）、欧洲鹅耳枥（Carpinus betulus L.）、黑桤木（Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn）、欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica L.）、夏栎（Quercus robur L.）以及小叶椴（Tilia cordata Mill.）。本研究分析了木材分解的初始阶段，对未燃烧试样（unburn, Type N）分别在新鲜状态（工况1）与干燥状态（即经105℃烘干后的工况2）下的储水能力（Water Capacity, WS）与吸水率进行了测定；同时对燃烧后试样（burn, Type B）分别在新鲜状态（工况1）与干燥状态（工况2）下的上述指标进行了测定。实验参照Kupka等人2022年的研究方法，在模拟野外火烧的实验室条件下开展，采用丙烷-丁烷喷灯[Topex 19/G604]进行燃烧模拟，制造商标注的平均燃烧温度为1700℃。枯木原木侧面的储水能力通过模拟降雨过程中的多组测量数据进行计算。针对枯木及经火烧模拟处理后的枯木的吸水率分析流程如下：首先在实验开始前对所有试样进行称重（记为0小时重量N0），随后将试样浸没于盛有蒸馏水的量筒中，分别在4小时、8小时、12小时、24小时、48小时、72小时及96小时后对试样进行称重，依次记为N4、N8……N96。本实验的方法学方案参照Klamerus-Iwan等人2018年的研究。