Hematological and biochemical parameters in Spotted Paca (Cuniculus paca) undergoing pharmacological restraint and general anesthesia

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effects of chemical restraint, general anesthesia and opioid treatment on hematological components in Cuniculus paca. Eight healthy, adult, captivity female animals , underwent three laparoscopic procedures with a 15-day interval were evaluated. After physical restraint, an association of ketamine (25mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly for chemical restraint. Posteriorly, anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane; and randomly administered methadone (0.5mg/kg), tramadol (5mg/kg) or saline-placebo (0,1mL/kg) intramuscularly. After pharmacological restraint and in the final laparoscopy stage, venous blood samples were obtained for complete blood count, total plasma protein (TP), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), sodium, potassium, chloride and ionized calcium analysis. During general anesthesia, hemoglobin, TP concentration and lymphocytes decreased (P=0.029; <0.001; 0.022 respectively), whereas the potassium levels increased (P=0.034). In conclusion, chemical restraint with ketamine/midazolam association causes a slight decrease in blood cellular components. Isoflurane anesthesia for laparoscopic procedure lead to decrease in hemoglobin, lymphocytes and protein concentrations, while potassium increased, without any influence from the tramadol or methadone treatment. However, these alterations were transient, and its hematologic values can collaborate in carrying out epidemiological, pathophysiological or case studies in the Cuniculus paca.

摘要 本研究旨在评估化学保定（chemical restraint）、全身麻醉与阿片类药物治疗对斑豚鼠（Cuniculus paca）血液学成分的影响。选取8只健康成年圈养雌性个体，对其进行3次间隔15天的腹腔镜手术操作并开展相关评估。先实施物理保定后，经肌肉注射给予氯胺酮（ketamine，25mg/kg）与咪达唑仑（midazolam，0.5mg/kg）联合用药以完成化学保定。后续采用异氟烷（isoflurane）进行全身麻醉的诱导与维持，并经肌肉注射随机给予美沙酮（methadone，0.5mg/kg）、曲马多（tramadol，5mg/kg）或生理盐水安慰剂（saline-placebo，0.1mL/kg）。在药物保定后及最终腹腔镜手术阶段采集静脉血样，用于全血细胞计数（complete blood count）、血浆总蛋白（total plasma protein, TP）、肌酐（creatinine）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase, ALT）、钠、钾、氯及离子钙的检测分析。
全身麻醉期间，血红蛋白（hemoglobin）、血浆总蛋白浓度与淋巴细胞计数均出现显著下降（分别对应P=0.029、<0.001、0.022），而钾离子水平升高（P=0.034）。
研究结论表明，采用氯胺酮与咪达唑仑联合方案进行化学保定，可使血液细胞成分出现轻度降低。用于腹腔镜手术的异氟烷麻醉会导致血红蛋白、淋巴细胞及蛋白浓度下降，同时使钾离子水平升高，而曲马多或美沙酮给药未对上述指标产生显著影响。不过上述血液学变化均为一过性，其检测结果可用于开展斑豚鼠的流行病学、病理生理学相关研究或病例研究。