Agronomic and biochemical evaluation of cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp

ABSTRACT: Sweet cassava breeding programs are focused on the development of bio fortified cultivars that combine significant amounts of carotenoids in their reserve roots with desirable agronomic. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic and biochemical traits in sweet cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp. The nine genotypes were evaluated in two seasons in a randomized block design with three replications. Among the evaluated clones, the following stood out: i) for the height of the first branch (390/08, 345/08 and the control IAC 576-70); ii) for plant height (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) for shoot weight without original steam cutting (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) for the percentage of starch in roots (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 and the control IAC 576-70); and v) for the root yield (the control IAC 576-70 and 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). In the 2011/2012 season, all clones cooked within 30 minutes, indicating that they all have good culinary qualities. Regarding the total carotenoid content in the roots, the clones that stood out were 406/08 and 341/08. All clones evaluated had HCN content below 100 mg kg-1. Clones 341/08 and 406/08 have agronomic and biochemical potential for direct cultivation by producers in the Cerrado region of Central Brazil and / or for use as stock in sweet cassava breeding programs.

摘要：甜木薯育种项目的核心目标是培育生物强化型品种，这类品种在块根中积累大量类胡萝卜素，同时兼具优良农艺性状。本研究旨在评价果肉呈粉色的甜木薯无性系的农艺与生化性状。试验采用随机区组设计，设置3次重复，于两个生长季对9个基因型进行了评价。参试无性系中，以下性状表现突出：① 第一分枝高度：390/08、345/08及对照品种IAC 576-70；② 株高：390/08、345/08与378/08；③ 去除原扦插茎段后的地上部鲜重：390/08、406/08、378/08与341/08；④ 块根淀粉含量：378/08、413/08、390/08及对照IAC 576-70；⑤ 块根产量：对照IAC 576-70、341/08、390/08、406/08与387/08。在2011/2012生长季中，所有参试无性系的蒸煮时间均在30分钟以内，表明其均具备优良的烹饪品质。关于块根总类胡萝卜素含量，表现突出的无性系为406/08与341/08。所有参试无性系的氢氰酸（HCN）含量均低于100 mg·kg⁻¹。无性系341/08与406/08具备优异的农艺与生化性状潜力，可直接在巴西中部塞拉多（Cerrado）地区由种植户推广种植，亦可作为甜木薯育种项目的种质亲本材料。