DataSheet_1_Integrated use of phosphorus fertilizer and farmyard manure improves wheat productivity by improving soil quality and P availability in calcareous soil under subhumid conditions.pdf

IntroductionLow soil fertility and high fertilizer costs are constraints to wheat production, which may be resolved with integrating fertilizer phosphorus (P) and farm-yard manure (FYM). Study objectives were to evaluate P source impacts on soil, P efficiency, and wheat growth in a calcareous soil.
MethodsTreatments included P fertilizer (0, 17, 26, or 39 kg P ha-1) and/or FYM (0 or 10 T ha-1) in a: 1) incubation experiment and 2) wheat (Triticum aestivum spp.) field experiment.
Results and DiscussionSoil organic matter increased (30-72%) linearly for both fertilizer and FYM, whereas pH decreased (0.1-0.3 units) with fertilizer only. Addition of fertilizer and FYM increased plant available P (AB-DTPA extractable soil P) an average of 0.5 mg P kg-1 soil week-1 with incubation. The initial increase was 1-9 mg P kg-1, with further increase after 84 d of ~3-17 mg P kg-1. There was also a significant increase of available P in the soil supporting plants in the field study, although the magnitude of the increase was only 2 mg kg-1 at most for the highest fertilizer rate + FYM. Grain (66 to 119%) and straw (25-65%) yield increased significantly, peaking at 26 kg P ha-1 + FYM. The P Absorption Efficiency (PAE), P Balance (PB), and P Uptake (PU) increased linearly with P rate, with the highest levels at the highest P rate. The P Use Efficiency (PUE) was highest at the lowest rates of P, with general decreases with increasing P, although not consistently. Principal component analysis revealed that 94.34 % of the total variance was accounted for with PC1 (84.04 %) and PC2 (10.33 %), with grain straw yield significantly correlated to SOM, PU, and PAE. Regression analysis showed highly significant correlation of PB with P-input (R2= 0.99), plant available P (R2= 0.85), and PU (R2= 0.80). The combination of FYM at the rate of 10 T ha-1 and fertilizer P at 26 kg P ha-1 was found as the optimum dose that significantly increased yield. It is concluded that FYM concoction with fertilizer-P not only improved SOM and residual soil P, but also enhanced wheat yields with reasonable P efficiency.

引言 土壤肥力低下与肥料成本高企是制约小麦生产的核心限制因素，通过配施磷肥（P）与农家肥（FYM）可有效缓解该问题。本研究旨在评估石灰性土壤中不同磷源对土壤性状、磷素利用效率及小麦生长的影响。
材料与方法 本试验包含两类设置：1）培养试验；2）小麦（Triticum aestivum spp.）田间试验。处理组涵盖磷肥施用量（0、17、26或39 kg P·ha⁻¹）与/或农家肥施用量（0或10 T·ha⁻¹）。
结果与讨论 施用磷肥与农家肥均可线性提升土壤有机质（SOM）含量（增幅30%~72%），而仅施用磷肥会导致土壤pH下降0.1~0.3个单位。培养试验结果显示，配施磷肥与农家肥可使土壤植物有效磷（AB-DTPA浸提态土壤磷）平均每周提升0.5 mg P·kg⁻¹土壤；初始阶段增幅为1~9 mg P·kg⁻¹，培养84天后进一步提升约3~17 mg P·kg⁻¹。田间试验中，种植小麦的土壤有效磷含量同样显著提升，但在最高磷肥配施农家肥处理下，增幅最高仅为2 mg·kg⁻¹。小麦籽粒产量增幅达66%~119%，秸秆产量增幅达25%~65%，均在26 kg P·ha⁻¹+农家肥处理下达到峰值。磷吸收效率（PAE）、磷平衡（PB）与磷吸收量（PU）均随磷肥施用量增加线性升高，在最高施用量下达到最大值；而磷利用效率（PUE）则在最低磷肥施用量下最高，整体随施用量增加呈下降趋势，但该规律并不完全一致。主成分分析结果表明，主成分1（PC1，贡献率84.04%）与主成分2（PC2，贡献率10.33%）可解释总方差的94.34%，且籽粒与秸秆产量与土壤有机质（SOM）、磷吸收量（PU）及磷吸收效率（PAE）显著相关。回归分析显示，磷平衡（PB）与磷输入量（决定系数R²=0.99）、植物有效磷（R²=0.85）及磷吸收量（PU，R²=0.80）均呈极显著相关关系。研究确定10 T·ha⁻¹农家肥配施26 kg P·ha⁻¹磷肥为最优施用量，可显著提升小麦产量。综上，农家肥与磷肥配施不仅可改善土壤有机质与残留土壤磷含量，还可在保持合理磷素利用效率的前提下提升小麦产量。