Core logs, scans, photographs, grain size, and radiocarbon data from coastal wetlands on the Hawaiian islands of Kaua`i, O`ahu, and Hawai`i

Over the past 200 years of written records, the Hawaiian Islands have experienced tens of tsunamis generated by earthquakes in the subduction zones of the Pacific "Ring of Fire" (for example, Alaska-Aleutian, Kuril-Kamchatka, Chile, and Japan). Mapping and dating anomalous beds of sand and silt along the coasts of these subduction zones are critical for assessing the hazard from distant as well as local tsunamis. This data release supports a study that reports on efforts to estimate future tsunami inundation through stratigraphic analyses of potential tsunami deposits beneath present and former Hawaiian wetlands, coastal lagoons, and river floodplains. Coastal wetland sites on the islands of Hawai'i, Maui, O'ahu, and Kaua'i were selected based on historical tsunami runup, numerical inundation modeling, proximity to sandy source sediments, degree of wetland disturbance, and breadth of prior geologic and archaeologic investigations. Marine-sourced sand beds within peaty and/or muddy wetland deposits on the north and northeastern shores of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and the Island of Hawai'i are interpreted as tsunami deposits. Core logs, Computed Tomography (CT) scans, photographs, radiocarbon age data, and sand bed data are presented here from three sites in addition to grain size data from one site on Kaua'i.

在过往200年的文字记录中，夏威夷群岛已遭遇过数十次由太平洋‘火环’俯冲带地震引发的海啸（例如阿拉斯加-阿留申、千岛-堪察加、智利及日本海域的地震）。对这些俯冲带沿岸的异常砂质与粉砂质沉积层开展填图与定年工作，对于评估远场及局地海啸灾害具有关键意义。本数据集的发布旨在支撑一项研究，该研究通过对夏威夷现今及历史湿地、沿岸泻湖与河漫滩下方的潜在海啸沉积层进行地层分析，以估算未来海啸的淹没范围。研究选取了夏威夷岛、毛伊岛、瓦胡岛及考爱岛的沿岸湿地点位，选取依据涵盖历史海啸爬高数据、数值淹没模型、砂质物源的邻近程度、湿地受干扰程度，以及既往地质与考古研究的开展范围。考爱岛、瓦胡岛及夏威夷岛北海岸与东北海岸的泥炭质或粉质湿地沉积层中，海相砂质沉积层被判定为海啸沉积。本次发布除提供考爱岛1处点位的粒度数据外，还涵盖另外3处点位的岩心编录、计算机断层扫描（Computed Tomography，CT）影像、照片、放射性碳定年数据及砂层数据。