Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella sp. multidrug resistant strain in Cusco, Peru

Multidrug resistant bacteria is an agent responsible for nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality, due to the ease of horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements such as plasmids that confer resistance genes and virulence factors, thus facilitating the production of Beta enzymes extended spectrum lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases. Despite the greater predominance of Kpn MDR in hospital reports in Peru, in Cusco very few strains have been characterized and described genomically.From 2022 to 2023, 91 strains of bacteria MDR at Cusco were isolated, coming from three hospitals in Cusco. The phenotypic detection of ESBL was performed by the Jarlier method and carbapenemases by double disk synergy with Boronic Acid and EDTA. Isolates with positive results were analyzed by endpoint PCR for genes blaCTX M, TEM, and blaSHV, to ESBL and blaKPC, NDM, IMP, and blaVIM of carbapenemases. Additionally, 4 isolates were randomly selected for whole genome sequencing (NGS)

多重耐药菌（Multidrug resistant bacteria）是引发高发病率与高死亡率院内感染的病原体，其机制为携带耐药基因与毒力因子的质粒等可移动遗传元件易于发生水平转移，进而促进超广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended spectrum beta-lactamases, ESBL）与碳青霉烯酶的产生。尽管在秘鲁的医院报告中，肺炎克雷伯菌多重耐药株（Kpn MDR）占比更高，但库斯科地区经基因组学鉴定与描述的菌株却极少。2022年至2023年，研究人员从库斯科地区三家医院分离得到91株多重耐药菌。采用雅利耶法（Jarlier method）完成超广谱β-内酰胺酶的表型检测，采用硼酸-EDTA双纸片协同试验完成碳青霉烯酶的表型检测。对检测结果呈阳性的分离株，采用终点PCR分别扩增超广谱β-内酰胺酶相关基因blaCTX-M、TEM及blaSHV，以及碳青霉烯酶相关基因blaKPC、NDM、IMP与blaVIM。此外，随机选取4株分离株进行全基因组测序（next-generation sequencing, NGS）。