Data Sheet 1_Effects of the computer-assisted rehabilitation environment on patient rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundComputer-assisted rehabilitation environment (CAREN) integrates virtual reality, motion capture systems, and real-time feedback mechanisms to enhance patient rehabilitation results. This study aimed to determine the potential benefit of CAREN in increasing balance, cognition, and mental health in patients with neurological and musculoskeletal disorders.
MethodsSystematic searches were carried out across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published up to November 2025. The review comprised randomized, non-randomized controlled trials and single-arm studies evaluating the rehabilitative outcomes of CAREN treatment compared with standard therapy or no intervention in patients. The primary outcomes comprised balance function, cognitive functions, and mental health status; the secondary outcome was the incidence of adverse events. The quality of studies included in the review was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the pooled effect size was computed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) or mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 18.0.
ResultsThe database search yielded 3,553 records, of which 15 studies were included, and 9 had sufficient data for meta-analysis. CAREN training significantly improved balance, as indicated by higher Berg Balance Scale scores (SMD = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.08 to 2.16; p = 0.03; I2 = 92.64%), and cognitive function, as shown by increased Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (MD = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.76; p = 0.01; I2 = 0.00%). Changes in fear of falling, assessed with the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (MD = −0.05; 95% CI = −0.36 to 0.27; p = 0.76; I2 = 0.00%), and depression, evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (MD = −0.20; 95% CI = −0.62 to 0.22; p = 0.35; I2 = 70.64%), were non-significant. Additionally, adverse events were rare, with no serious cases reported.
ConclusionCAREN training appears to improve balance and cognitive function, while its effects on mental health are relatively limited. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, identifier (CRD420251172390).

背景 计算机辅助康复环境（Computer-assisted rehabilitation environment，CAREN）融合虚拟现实、动作捕捉系统与实时反馈机制，以提升患者的康复疗效。本研究旨在探究CAREN在改善神经及肌肉骨骼疾病患者平衡能力、认知功能与心理健康状态方面的潜在获益。
方法 本研究于2025年11月前，在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国知网（China National Knowledge Infrastructure，CNKI）及Web of Science数据库中开展系统性检索，以获取相关研究文献。本综述纳入随机对照试验、非随机对照试验及单臂研究，评估CAREN治疗相较于标准疗法或无干预措施对患者的康复结局。主要结局指标包括平衡功能、认知功能与心理健康状态；次要结局指标为不良事件发生率。采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（Newcastle–Ottawa Scale）对纳入研究的质量进行评价，对于连续性结局指标，采用标准化均数差（Standardized Mean Differences，SMDs）或均数差（Mean Differences，MDs）计算合并效应量。统计分析采用Stata 18.0软件完成。
结果 数据库检索共获取3553条记录，最终纳入15项研究，其中9项具备足够数据可用于荟萃分析。CAREN训练可显著改善患者平衡能力，表现为伯格平衡量表（Berg Balance Scale）评分升高（SMD=1.12；95%置信区间：0.08~2.16；P=0.03；I²=92.64%）；同时可提升认知功能，表现为蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment）评分增加（MD=0.44；95%置信区间：0.11~0.76；P=0.01；I²=0.00%）。采用国际跌倒效能量表（Falls Efficacy Scale-International）评估的跌倒恐惧情绪，以及采用贝克抑郁量表（Beck Depression Inventory）或汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表（Hamilton Depression Rating Scale）评估的抑郁症状，其变化均无统计学意义（跌倒恐惧：MD=-0.05；95%置信区间：-0.36~0.27；P=0.76；I²=0.00%；抑郁症状：MD=-0.20；95%置信区间：-0.62~0.22；P=0.35；I²=70.64%）。此外，不良事件发生率较低，未报告严重不良事件。
结论 CAREN训练可改善患者的平衡能力与认知功能，但对心理健康的改善作用相对有限。不过，对本研究结果的解读应保持谨慎。
系统性综述注册信息 注册平台：PROSPERO，注册编号：CRD420251172390。