Data_Sheet_1_Characterization of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities for Disease Incidence and Optimized Concentration of Difenoconazole Fungicide for Controlling of Wheat Dwarf Bunt.zip

Rhizosphere soil microorganisms have great agricultural importance. To explore the relationship between rhizosphere microorganisms and the disease incidence, and to optimize the concentration of difenoconazole fungicide for the control of wheat dwarf bunt, caused by Tilletia controversa Kühn, the rhizosphere microorganisms were characterized based on sequencing methods. We found that the disease incidence correlated with the relative abundance of some microbial communities, such as Acidobacteria, Nocardioides, Roseiflexaceae, Pyrinomonadaceae, and Gemmatimonadaceae. Actinobacteria showed significant differences in the infected soils when compared to the control soils, and the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Pyrinomonadaceae, Gemmatimonadaceae, and Saccharimonadales populations was distinctly higher in the T. controversa-inoculated group than in the control group. The members of Dehalococcoidia, Nitrosomonadaceae, and Thermomicrobiales were found only in T. controversa-inoculated soils, and these taxa may have potential effects against the pathogen and contribute to disease control of wheat dwarf bunt. In addition, for T. controversa-infected plants, the soil treated with difenoconazole showed a high relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Olpidiomycota based on the heatmap analysis and ANOVA. Our findings suggest that the optimized concentration of fungicide (5% recommended difenoconazole) exhibits better control efficiency and constant diversity in the rhizosphere soil.

根际土壤微生物（rhizosphere soil microorganisms）具有重要的农业应用价值。为探究根际微生物与病害发生率之间的关联，并优化用于防治由小麦矮腥黑粉菌（Tilletia controversa Kühn）引发的小麦矮腥黑穗病的苯醚甲环唑（difenoconazole）杀菌剂浓度，本研究通过测序方法（sequencing methods）对根际微生物进行了表征分析。研究发现，病害发生率与部分微生物类群的相对丰度（relative abundance）存在显著关联，涉及酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、诺卡氏菌属（Nocardioides）、玫瑰丝状菌科（Roseiflexaceae）、吡单胞菌科（Pyrinomonadaceae）以及芽单胞菌科（Gemmatimonadaceae）。相较于对照组土壤，感病土壤中的放线菌门（Actinobacteria）群落丰度存在显著差异；且在小麦矮腥黑粉菌接种组中，酸杆菌门、吡单胞菌科、芽单胞菌科以及糖单胞菌目（Saccharimonadales）的相对丰度显著高于对照组。脱卤球菌纲（Dehalococcoidia）、亚硝化单胞菌科（Nitrosomonadaceae）以及热微菌目（Thermomicrobiales）的类群仅在小麦矮腥黑粉菌接种的土壤中被检出，此类类群或对病原菌具有潜在抑制活性，可助力小麦矮腥黑穗病的病害防治。此外，针对感染小麦矮腥黑粉菌的植株，经苯醚甲环唑处理的土壤样本通过热图分析（heatmap analysis）与方差分析（ANOVA）显示，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门、子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）以及油壶菌门（Olpidiomycota）的相对丰度显著升高。本研究结果表明，优化后的杀菌剂浓度（为推荐苯醚甲环唑使用剂量的5%）具备更优的防治效果，且可维持根际土壤微生物群落的稳定多样性。