Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric State, and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS)

This award supports a field campaign that will expand the Arctic Observing Network (AON) by adding cloud, atmosphere, and precipitation measurements, and associated higher-order data products, to Summit, Greenland, at the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The proposed instrument suite consists of a cloud radar, two microwave radiometers, an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer, an X-band precipitation sensor, a ceilometer, a micropulse lidar, and a twice-daily radiosonde program. Measurements from this advanced suite of instruments, combined with some ongoing measurements at Summit, will be input for a number of algorithms to produce climatically useful geophysical data products to support GIS-specific and Arctic-wide research. Data products will include: (1) Atmospheric State - temperature and moisture profiles through the troposphere and lower stratosphere; (2) Cloud Macrophysics - cloud occurrence, vertical boundaries, and temperatures; (3) Cloud Microphysics - cloud phase, water content, optical depth, and particle size; (4) Precipitation - precipitation type and rate; and (5) Cloud Radiative Forcing - impact of clouds on the surface radiation balance. Together these products will augment similar data sets that are produced at other locations across the Arctic.

本项目资助一项野外考察活动，旨在通过在格陵兰冰盖顶部的格陵兰Summit站点新增云、大气及降水观测，以及相关的高阶数据产品，拓展北极观测网络（Arctic Observing Network，AON）。拟议的仪器套件包括一台云雷达、两台微波辐射计、一台大气发射辐射干涉仪（Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer）、一台X波段降水传感器、一台云高仪、一台微脉冲激光雷达，以及每日两次的无线电探空仪项目。这套先进仪器的观测数据结合Summit站点正在进行的部分观测，将作为多种算法的输入，生成具有气候学价值的地球物理数据产品，以支持格陵兰冰盖（Greenland Ice Sheet，GIS）专项研究及北极全域研究。数据产品包括：（1）大气状态——对流层及平流层下部的温度与湿度廓线；（2）云宏观物理学——云的出现、垂直边界及温度；（3）云微观物理学——云相态、含水量、光学厚度及粒子大小；（4）降水——降水类型与速率；（5）云辐射强迫——云对地表辐射平衡的影响。这些产品将共同补充北极其他地区生成的同类数据集。